Forest and Stream 
A Weekly Journal of the Rod and Gun. 
Teems, $4 a Ykab. 10 Cts. a Copy, i 
Srx Months, $2. I 
NEW YORK, SATURDAY, JULY 31, 1897. 
J VOL. ZLVIX.— No. 5. 
I No. 846 Bboadwat, New York. 
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No life, my honest scfiolar, no life so happy and 
so pleasant, as the life of a well-govemed angler ; 
fof when the lawyer is swallowed «p with ottsi- 
ness, and the statesman is preventing or contriving 
plots, then we sit on cowslip hanks, hear the birds 
sing-, and possess ourselves in as much quietness as 
these silent silver streams, which we now see glide 
so quietly by us. Indeed, my good scholar, we 
may say of angling as Dr. Boteler said of straw- 
berries : ** Doubtless God could have made a better 
berry, but doubtless God never did and so, if I 
might be judge, **God never did make a more 
calm, quiet, innocent recreation than angling.*' 
Isaak w alton. 
Cbe ?ore$t ana Stream's Platform PlanK. 
^The sale of game should be prohibited at all seasons." 
NAILS DRIVEN IN 1897.— No. VIII. 
IOWA. 
Game and Flsli Act of 1837.— «ec. 14. No person shall at 
any time, or at any place within, this State, trap, shoot or 
kill for traffic any pinnated grouse or prairie chicken, wood- 
cock, qnall, raffed grouse or pheasant. 
TEE SENSE OF SMELL. 
An interesting article under this caption has recently 
appeared in the London Stock-Keeper and has been copied 
in several papers in this country. Being written, as is 
supposed, by Mr. John Arthur Chambers, it may be 
imagined that it deals chiefly/ with the sense of smell in 
dogs. Attention is called to the different ways in which 
dogs of different breeds use their eyes and their noses in 
the attempt to recognize friends and acquaintances, and it 
is justly concluded that the evidence given to the mind 
by smell is much more conclusive to the animal than that 
furnished by sight. It is also stated — and very truly— that 
it is doubtful whether one breed of dogs can be said to 
smell better than another, but that the way in which a 
dog uses his nose depends largely on his education — that 
is to say, on how much he has been accustomed to use it 
and to depend upon it. The familiar statement is made 
that pigs have been used for finding game, and mention is 
made of the well-known instance where a herd of cattle 
was used by Col. Pollock to chase and kill a tiger. 
Examples of the confidence which th.e dog feels in the 
evidence of his nose are often seen. If a dog loses his 
master and then finds him again, he recognizes him by 
the eye and is glad; but the first thing he does is to 
push his nose against him and smell him, so as to be 
really certain of the fact which his eyes had led him to 
believe. 
It is natural that we should regard the sense of smell as 
more highly developed in the dog than in other animals, 
but this belief is founded purely on the fact that we see a 
very great deal of the dog and very little of other animals. 
For uncounted generations man has used the dog as a 
hunting companion, and no doubt long before history 
began to be written, stories of the dog's wonderful nose 
were passed about from man to man. 
But the savage is well acquainted with many things in 
nature of which the civilized man is hopelessly ignorant. 
He depended for sustenance and support upon his skill 
with primitive arms, to use which it was necessary that he 
should approach very close to his intended prey. To do 
this he was forced to match his wits against the keen 
senses of these wild creatures, and he early learned that 
of all these senses, the keenest and the most trusted was 
that of smell. The wild animal might see him, and look 
for a long time without being able to determine what the 
hunter was, but if it smelt him it was never for a moment 
in doubt of its danger, and at once sought safety in flight. 
Two motives affecting two widely differing classes of 
animals would influence the development of the sense of 
tmell.. On the one hand^ the carnivors, eager for food, 
depending for existence on their ability to capture animals 
of rapid flight, use the sense of smell to follow them up, 
and by persistent and long-continued pursuit at last over- 
take and destroy them. On the other, the grass-eating 
mammals depend for protection from enemies chiefly on 
this sense of smell, and so soon as a whiff of the tainted 
air is brought to their nostrils they seek safety in flight, 
putting as great a distance as possible between themselves 
and the spot where the suspicious odor was observed. 
Motives stronger than these two cannot be imagined, since 
in each case life itself may depend on the sense in ques- 
tion. • 
To Indians and to many old white hunters it is well 
known that deer and moose when feeding commonly 
travel up the wind, looking for danger ahead of them and 
trusting to the rapidity of their movements to outstrip any- 
thing that may be following directly on their trail. It is 
equally well known that when about to lie down both the 
species named are very likely to turn about, go a short 
distance down the wind, and then lie down, using both 
eyes and ears to cover their back trail. It is for this 
reason that the practiced still-hunter who pursues these 
animals does not keep on the track, but follows along to 
the leeward of it, making a series of wide sweeps or loops, 
and going to the trail only often enough to see that it is 
still before him. 
Many other examples of this keenness of scent will 
occur to the man who has done much hunting. Prom our 
perch on a mountain side we have seen a black-tail buck, 
frightened by a companion who was hunting a mile or two 
away, come racing over the prairie with head held high, 
apparently thinking only of the danger behind him, but 
when he reached the trail over which we had passed two 
or three hours before, he stopped suddenly, lowered his 
nose to the ground and smelt the tracks, and then turned 
at right angles to his former course, and continued his 
flight. In the same way in years gone by, bands of buffalo, 
frightened and running, have been seen to suddenly stop 
on reaching the trail left by several footmen who had 
passed over th^ prairie, and to refuse to cross it, but to run 
off another way. Some of our readers no doubt have had 
such a painful experience as was recently related to us, 
where a hunter who, having put out a bait for a bear, had 
walked around it early in the day, to see if it had been 
visited during the night, and then at evening, while watch- 
ing, saw the bear come boldly toward the bait until 
it had reached his tracks, then turn and slouch carelessly 
along them for a few yards, and then run like a race horse 
toward cover. 
The patient, tireless pursuit of the wolf on the track of a 
deer has so often been dilated on, that it needs no 
more than mention. 
We all know that the odor given out by a flock of sheep 
or a herd of cattle can be detected even by the human 
nose at some distance, and in the same way the practiced 
hunter, as well as his dog, can often recognize the odor of 
certain game animals, such as elk, bear, white goat and, in 
old times, the buffalo herd, long after the animals have 
passed. No doubt the nose of the savage, like his other 
senses, are much keener than those of civilized man, be- 
cause more constantly in use. 
In writing about the sense of smell, we who are able to 
write are discussing something of which we know, and can 
know but little, yet it is certainly well that our few crude 
and imperfect observations should be set down. 
TEE NEW YORK ZOO. 
Notwithstanding the dullness and the heat of this sum- 
mer season, the interest felt in the New York Zoological 
Spciety does not abate. Up to last spring, when the city 
authorities set aside for its uses 261 acres in South Bronx 
Park, no special effort had been made by the board of 
managers to secure members, as the carrying out of the 
Society's plans depended on the consent of the Sinking 
Fund Commission, and it was not certain how these ofii- 
cials would act. 
Since then, however, reports of the Society's progress 
and statements of its plans have been sent out in some 
numbers to citizens of New York. The results of the dis- 
tribution of this literature have been very gratifying to the 
managers, and the Society now has three founders, ten 
patrons, sixty-four life members, and 307 annual mem- 
bers. Of these, two patrons, eighteen life members and 
160 annual members have been added to the list since 
June 10. The life membership fee is $200, the patrons' 
$1,000, and the foundera' $5,000. Applications for mem- 
bership are still being received. 
The building plans for the park are now being prepared 
by Messrs. Heins and LaFarge, the oflBcial architects, and 
it is expected that these buildings will be the most com- 
plete of any in the world, for they will contain all the 
good features of the most modern zoological gardens of 
Europe and this country. 
Not long since, the director of the Society laid before the 
executive committee a proposition and detailed plan for 
an exhibition of oil paintings of American wild animals, 
to be held next autumn, and it is probable that the sug- 
gestion then advanced will be carried out, and that the 
prizes and the conditions of such an exhibition will be 
announced before long. 
Judging from what has already been accomplished, i t 
seems altogether probable that in the autumn, when the 
summer travelers have returned to the city, the member- 
ship of the Society will largely increase, and that consider- 
able additional subscriptions to the 1100,000 fund, which is 
required before work on the ground can be begun by the 
city, will be received. It is understood that a considerable 
share of this fund has already been raised. 
Thus, if all goes well, it may happen that work on the 
Society's park.may begin this autumn, in which case the 
end of the year 1898 may see some portion of the park 
occupied by collections and open to the public. 
GAME FOR GAME PARKS. 
To stock a game preserve in a game country is a com- 
paratively simple undertaking: build a fence so constructed 
as to let the game in and not to let it out again, and there 
you have it. Preserve projectors in districts remote from 
the base of natural supply, however, are finding it more 
difficult year by year to secure a stock because of the more 
rigid restrictions against the capture and export of live 
game. While it is highly expedient that the taking of 
wild elk and deer for preserve purposes should be held 
within very close bounds and should be regulated very 
carefully by the game protective officials, we believe that 
as much latitude should be allowed as may be consistent 
with keeping up the native stock. The man who wishes 
to export a band of wild deer for his game park outside 
of the State is quite as worthy of consideration as the 
hunter who seeks merely to kill the lawful number of 
wild deer within the State. Maine has recently made an 
appreciated concession in this respect. Formerly it was 
there forbidden to take live deer for export. The law was 
not always observed; there is reason to believe that 
numerous deer which were alleged to have come from 
Canada had, in fact, surreptitiously been captured across 
the line in Maine. Now this is changed. The new law 
provides that the "Commissioners of Inland Fisheries and 
Game are authorized to grant permission to take moose, 
caribou, deer and birds for park purposes in this State, 
under such rules and regulations and conditions as they 
shall establish." This concession will be welcomed by 
the owners of game parks in the East, and we may de- 
pend upon the Commissioners to make such rules as will 
keep the export of live game within the proper bounds. 
In our issue of July 3 we referred to a shipment of live 
elk from Wyoming, and expressed a suspicion that these 
might have been some of the elk illegally held in captiv- 
ity on the Moose Head Kanch in Jackson's Hole. We are 
glad to be advised by the Wyoming authorities that none 
of the elk referred to in our article as having been trapped 
in the snows of last winter on this ranch have been sent 
out of the State. The Wyoming law makes admirable 
provision for just such a case as this. The railroads are 
forbidden to accept for shipment, and in practice they 
refuse to accept, live game unless accompanied by a permit 
from the State game warden. It would be impossible, 
therefore, for the Moose Head Kanch elk to be exported so 
long as the officials maintain their present determined at- 
titude, which we are advised is that "the State wUl take 
the necessary legal steps to secure the release of the elk im 
question, independently of the county authorities, and will 
exhaust all legal resources in the effort to protect the game 
of the State, as well from capture and shipment as from 
wanton destruction or illegal hunting." 
We suggested last week that electric-shock systenu of 
fishing would be put under the head of tabooed appliancM. 
This has already been done in Iowa, where the new law 
classes electricity with dynamite and other prohibited 
agencies. 
