1B6 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[Aug; 21, 1897. 
In pursuance of the provisions of Article XI of the deed of 
trust, executed by the Seawanhaka Corinthian Y. C, dated 
June 1, 1896. covering the terms and conditions governing 
the tenure of the Seawanhaka International Cballsnge Cup 
for small yachts, and the comnetition therefor, it is hereby 
mutually agreed between the Royal St. Lawrence Y. C, of 
Montreal and Dorval, Can., and the Seawaaha,ka Corinthian 
Y. C, of New York, that the following additional regular 
tions shall apply to the match to be sailed, beginning Aug. 
14, 1897, namely: 
1. The courses shall be as follows: 
COURSE TO WINDWARD OR LEEWARD AKD HETUSN. 
Prom a line between a buoy with black and White ball 
capped with bright tin conSj and a stakeboat flying the 
Royal St. Lawrence Y. C, Burgee in range with the foremast 
oti the eotnmittee boat, to and around a. mark , bearing. a 
black and White ball or disc capped with a bright tin 
COhe. leaving it on starboard hand; distance 2 miles, if 
possible, if not, miles, and return; cout-se to be sailed 
Dvfer t^t-be bt fouV timfes, as case ttiay call foi-, .making a 
total distance of Ig.nautical miles At th.e end pt the fifst 
ahd second rounds the black and white, ball or disc is to be 
left on the starboard baud. The direction , will be an- 
i^ounced from the committee steamer before the preliminary 
Signal. .- . w , , s , . . < 
TRlANGULAb coukse: , 
jProm a line between red {\nd white buoy with disc, capped 
ivitjh, bright tin cone,, anfl a stakebqat anchored to the south- 
ycnrd in range, with foreiiiast on .committee boat. W. by S. 
l->5' miles, to andj around a m^rk bef^ring a red and white 
disc. or ball, leaving it on starboard hand.. N. '-}{ E. l}f miles, 
to and around a mark bearing a red and white disc or, ball, 
leaving if, on starboard hand. S S.E."1>^ miles, to the finish 
Ipetween red and .^Yhite disjc or ball buoy, and the stakeboat, 
aqchored to the windward., , . j . 
Course tq be sailed ovet three tirhes; total distance, 13 
nautical miles. ■ , i , 
On the first and second rounds yachts will leave the red 
and white buoy on the starboard hand. , . 
iVote.— The sailinar committpe may in its discretjon dirept 
the course to be sailed in the reverse direction, leaving buoys 
^nd niarks on the port hand; and the signal foi: such reversal 
bt the coui-se will be the anchoring of. the stakeboat at the 
Start to the noi-thward of the buoy. In this case the stake- 
boat, will be auchoi-ed to the southward of the > buoy at the 
nnisli. The committee steamet will be anchored beyond the 
stakeboat, so as to bring the signal staff of the steamer as 
iiear as practicable in a line with the mast of the stakeboat 
ahd the buoy; and for the burpose of determining when a 
yacht has crossed the line, the committee will be guided by 
the range between the signdl staff and the mast of the stake- 
Doat. 
feXART AND SIGNALS. 
The start will be a one-gun flying start; with pi?elimi- 
iiary and preparatory signals, and will be made as nearly as 
bracticable at lb:3b o'clock A. M. 
Mrst Signal, Preliminary: Whistle fifteen seconds long. 
The blue peter will be hoisted on the upjjer deck signal staff 
of the committee steamer. 
Thete will be an interval of ten mintites between the first 
and second signals. 
Second Signal, Preparatory: Whisde fifteen seconds long. 
The blue peter on the committee steamer will be lowered and 
a red ball hoisted. There will be an interval of five minutes 
between the second and third signal. 
Third Signal, Start: Whistle fifteen seconds long, and the 
red ball will be lowered. 
RECALL SIGNALS. 
In case it should be necessary to recall the contestants, a 
blue ensign shall be displayed from the committee steamer 
and two sharp whistles given for the recall of Glencairn II., 
and an American ensign shall be displayed and four sharp 
whistles for the recall of Momo. 
8. If any triangular race is not concluded Within four hours 
after the starting signal has been given, it shall be postponed 
to the next succeeding day, excluding Sunday. 
4. If any windward or leeward and i-feturn race is not con- 
cluded within five hours after the starting signal has been 
given, it shall be postponed to the next succeeding day, ex- 
cluding Sunday. 
5. In the event of heavy weather occurring on any day, the 
sailing committee shall, at the request of both contestants, 
postpone the race fixed for that day to the next succeeding 
day, excluding Sunday; but, if in the opinion of the com- 
mittee and either one of the contestants, the weather is not 
too heavy, the race shall be started. In the event of a fog or 
calm, the committee shall have power to postpone the start, 
provided, however, that no race shall be started later than 3 
o'clock in the afternoon. 
6. In the event of its becoming necessary to postpone or re- 
sail any race, such race shall be set for the next succeeding 
day, excluding Sunday, provided, however, that in case 
either of the contesting yachts is iajured or disabled, a suf- 
' ficient time to complete repairs shall be allowed. The judg- 
ment of the sailing committee as to what constitutes suf- 
ficient time shall be final. 
The racing rule of tie Royal St. Lawrence Y. C , requiring 
the carrying of life preservers, shall not apply to this 
match. . , J.1 
Anchors may or may not be carried, at the option of the 
contestants.- 
The Seawanhaka Corinthian Yacht Club, of New York, by 
(Signed) Chas A, Sherman, 
Its Representative. 
The Royal St. Lawrence Yacht Club, of Montreal and 
DorvaL by (Signed) J. C. C Almon, 
Its Representative. 
Assented to (Signed) Clinton H. Crane, 
For Momo. 
Assented to (Signed) G. H. Buggan, _ 
For Glencairn II. 
After a stormy day and a threatening night, with a hard 
rain toward morning, Saturday was clear and bright, much 
warmer than Friday, but by no means uncomfortably hot. 
The wind was from the east and but light. Mr. Crane Was 
desirous of a start to windward, and to obtain this the com- 
mittee ran up a couple of miles beyond Pointe Claire. Voi- 
lina, steam yacht, had come down from Ogdensburgh for the 
races, and her owner, Mr. W. H. Post, very kindly offered 
her as buoy tender. With the markboata in tow, she ran 
np and dropped two boats some 50yds. apart for the starting 
line, and then started and logged off two miles E. by S. for 
the second mark. 
Tlie scene at the line was a lively one, and well -worth a 
longer desCriptioUj but that is another .stol-yj the fleet of 
small yaehtS( skifts and cahoes was most unique, many of 
the yachts Were quitei old, long otlt of racing and forgotten, 
but thfey^ turned up now fi-oth all sbrts of out-of-the-way 
places. One had the Ftench tticolo.t' at her peak and a.large 
American en&ign lasbed to a shrO,tid On each side. At Lstch- 
ine, on a high flf).gt)ole, the Canadian and Atneriean ensigns 
werfe ilown side by side suspended in banner fashion, a vtefy 
pretty sight. , 
The preliminary signal was giv^n at lliSlj, with the preparr 
atory a,t ll:ii.! Botli yachts were close ^o the line, with full 
sa^U the wind being Ught, with occasional puffs, and i^^'^ 
■^ater smooith. The Dama was north of the starting litie 
and Moruo lay about the markboat at the south end. Mr. 
Stackpole had a hand on one leg of a big "wishbone" tiller; 
fi triangular framework about -^ft. long and 3ft. 6in. sjcross 
the base, a very, neat piece of woodwork made by 
Mr. Xoupg; of the Spalding-St. Lawrence Boat Co., 
who built the yacht., Mr. j Duggan, as usual, had a 
"dog-leg" teller,, the main tiller about 3ft. ein. long, 
with a piece a.bout 2ft long Joined ; to it by ^ bolt 
through both. When, sitting inside, this upper piece was 
swung in flat on top of tfie maii;i tiller,;the,helmsman'shand' 
on the end of the l,attef. When, hiking out, the extension 
piece was swung out at fight angles to the main piece and 
held in the hand,_th6 helmsman being thus enabled to piiit 
the helm amidships or even down while hiking put to wind- 
ward. Just l^efbre the start, the extension piece, lying qn 
top of the mam tiller, slipped, off and caught on the deck. In 
freeing it, an unusual strain was put on the bolt, a piece, of 
3-i6 brass rod, and it broke, the main tiller slipping to lee- 
ward out of reafch for a moment. While Momo, beautifully 
timed, went over just aftiar the gdn. Mr. Dugganwas thus 
in trouble with,his tillet; while the new rudder, with an ex- 
cels of balance forward, was acting very differently from the 
old. Glencairn was headed for the line, but as she brossed 
she swung iu and sti'uck the hlarkboat, smashing a hole in 
her starboard wale just forward of the chain plate. While 
she went off in chase of Momo her crew was busy trying to 
patch the hole with a piece of thin wood, and after this 
proved impossible, in stopping it with a jersey. 
Momo also met wit h a slight mishap on the line; heir throat 
halyard block, with a wooden shell, split and went to pieces, 
leaving heir wire halyard with a short nip across the edge of 
the sheave. The throat was down and could not possibly be 
meated up, but the peak halyard was set taut and the tack 
was hove down, thanks to the spring gooseneck, so that the 
sail was made to sit vety well. 
Though hopelessly out of it thl*ough the foul, Mr. Duggan 
took the wisest course under the circumstances, and con- 
tinued the race. Momo from the start was evidently doing 
the best of work to windward; with her sails drawing beau- 
tifully, she was pointing very high, and at the same time 
footing fast. The beat out was made without special inci- 
dent, save that Glencairn was dropping steadily astern of 
Momo. They were timed at the first mark: 
Time Klapsed. Gain. 
Momo 13 15 40 0 i9 40 0 OS 02 
Glencairn;..... li 17 43 0 bO 4i 
Momo*s spinaker was broken oiit to starboard just Im. 15s. 
after .she turned, and Glencairn*s in Im. 8s. Both set bal- 
loon jibs, Glencairn spilling her spinaker into hers. They 
ran down wind with a light breeze and smooth water, but 
against the Ottawa current, the first round being timed:* 
The marks for the turns were wooden discs, each about 3ft. 
in diameter, two being fastened at right angles on a mast. 
The lower half of each disc was painted white, the upper 
either black or red. Each pair of discs was capped by a cone 
of polished tin about 1ft. high, this reflecting the sun and 
being visible at a distance, On Friday afternoon Messrs. 
Almon and Wickstead went out in a launch and get the 
three marks for the triangle, carefully logging each side. It 
was decided, as in the agreement, to shorten the triangle to 
instead of 2-mile sides. The starting line was m nearly 
the same position as in the trial races. Mr. Duggan was 
formally named as helmsman of Glencairn and Mr. Stack- 
pole of Momo, Mr. Crane working forward. 
Both yachts were launched early on Saturday morning, 
and the steam yacht Dama, kindly offered to the committee 
■for the races by Mr. W. Barclay Stevens, took them in tow 
about 9:45 On the Dama were the sailing commi tee, with. 
Mr Riddell as chairman, Mr. Almon as officer of the day, 
Messrs. Fitz Gibbon and Riley as timekeepers, and Mr. 
Wicksteed as signal officer. With them as guests were sev- 
eral members of the Seawanhaka C. Y. C. 
The steamer Duchess of York took on a large party of 
jnembers and guests at Lachine, and was off Pointe Claire 
before the Dama came up. The steamer was in charge of 
Rear-Com. Abbott. On board were representatives of the 
leading New York and Boston papers, the hurricane deck 
being specially reserved for them by the club. Every pre- 
paration was made by the Montreal papers for reporting the 
face; two canal barges were anchored about the vicinity of 
ihe pourse, and cables were iaid to the shore, 
FIRST EOUNn. 
Elap=ed. 
Gain. 
Time. Leg Bound. Leg. Rrund. Lead. 
Momo 12 40 CO 0 21 SO 0 45 00 0 00 53 0 Oa 55 0 03 55 
Glencairn 13 43 55 0 ?5 18 0 4!' 55 
The two were so far apart now that there was nothing but 
straight sailing, with no possible maneuvering. Momo 
tacked whenever it was necessary to keep Glencairn under 
her lee, but she was too far away to hurt her opponent. The 
breeze freshened a little and the boats moved as though they 
had some life, but still it was but moderate. The outer 
mark was timed for the second time: 
Time. Elapsed. Gain. Lead. 
Momo 1 10 -io 0 30 45 0 00 10 0 O.'S 05 
Glencairn 1 13 50 0 30 55 ....... 
The times show that Glencairn had made the windward 
leg in but 10s. more than Momo. She had made a little 
water, but not enough-to hinder her much, and her crew had 
evidently had time to recover from the demoralizing effects 
of a very bad start. 
They ran home much as before, the times being: 
SECOND ROUND. 
Gain. 
Lead. 
0 03 50 
there was all next day for repairs, but practically all of the 
work was done before she was covered over and left for the 
night. 
. Momo was quite as carefully looked after, being hauled up 
astern of Glencairn. 
Sunday was hot and sultry, with an overcast sky and 
threats of rain. During the day there were many visitors to 
the club house. Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Crane were on the 
Duchess of York during the race, but stopped in town, and 
on Sunday morning both the Messrs. Crane went into the 
city. 
Glencairn was launched in the afternoan, her rudder 
shipped, and she went out in a moderate breeze to try it. 
Time. Elapsed. Leg. Round. 
Momo 1 Z& m 0 i5 45 0 to 45 0 00 S5 
Gleij cairn 1 40 SO 0 26 :30 
As on the first run, under conditions In which the known 
differences in the boats and allot Glencairn 's ill-luck were 
most minimized, Momo was beating Glencairn badly off the 
wind. They started again, and beat out to the weather 
mark with more wind, being timed: 
Time. Elapsed. Gain. Lead, 
Momo .....2 04 08 0 '47 :-6 0 ;j 14 
aiencairn.... 2 07 ^0 0 S7 00 0 00 30 
It is impo-=sible to discern any difference in the work of the 
two, but the timing showed that while Momo had made bet- 
ter time by 3m. to windward with the stronger breeze, Glen- 
cairn had" covered the course in 3Ss. less time. Ptunning 
down, however, Momo showed a substantial and important 
gain, making a full minute on Glencairn in but two miles of 
running. 
The race had long since ceased to be' exciting, but the fin- 
ish of Momo was greeted by an enthusiastic outburst of cheers 
and whistles that could not have been more discordant and 
ear-splitting if Glencairn had been the winner. She, too, 
was greeted noisily when she finally finished. The times 
were: 
Elapsed. Gain. 
Start 11:46: , ' > ' , 
Finish. Leg- Bound. Course, Leg round. Lead. 
Momo 2 iO 25 0 32 19 0 49 54 2 40 25 1 01 25 0 04 15 
Glencairn.. 2 30 40 0 £8 aO 0 50 20 S 44 40 
Voilina passed a line to Momo, and Dama took Glencairn in 
tow, the procession of larger boats mo^nng down for Dorval 
and Lachiue, while the small craft scattered in all directions. 
As soon as Glencairn reached the club house her rudder was 
unshipped and taken into the shop, and .she was hauled out. 
Mr. Duggan and Mr Poe went to work on the rudder, which 
had made trouble all day, and a good sized triangle was cut 
off the fore side, the new edge being drilled, riveted and filed 
up before dark. Meanwhile the hole in her side had been 
turned over to her builder, who cut out a couple of feet of the 
upper strake aad set in a aew piece of planning, tiiough 
The second race wfts sailed Monday in a reefing wind, the 
Glencairn crossifagthe line a winner by 4m. 34s., the summary 
being: 
Qlpneail-n ii, 
Mbtho 
Stai-t. 
.11 .fg 0(3 
.11 ^5 
00 
Rtlishi 
1 31 35 
1 35 58 
filsj);*")!; 
1 5K 8S 
2 CO , 9 
The, third race, sailed oh Tuesday, resulted, in auothef vic- 
tory for Glencairn II. Theirunwasin a di-iving wind Slid 
rainstorm^ 
A N&w Measurement Formula 
Editor Forest and Stream^ 
, The following is in response to the invitation to yachts- 
men, in your issue of July 31, to discuss the proposed meas- 
lirement formula: h.+ ^^ (cubic contents) - ^he validity of all 
the propositions stated by the author of the rule is here con- 
ceded exce^it those which are hereinafter specifically chal- 
lenged: M j: i ' '■ , 
Suggestiop Third. ','The subject of classification is entirely 
distinct from the subject of measuring." ; 
This is stated rathei- broadly. Thpse subjects are ordli^ai^ily 
distinqt; but they may have, some relation. A m,easure- 
naent rule that would yi^ork very well under |the ordinary ' 
classification might work badly 'if, for , example, there were 
pnly two classes, say 15ft. to 40ft. and 40ft. to 98ft. Thus It 
IS possible to lessen some of the difliculties incident to meas- 
urement by proper classification. . 
First Head, — {a) "A measurement rule is intended to en- 
courage the development of a safe, roomy, speedy and easily 
handled boat." 
Of the importance of the deVelot)ment of all thfese featurfea 
there is no question; but safety, acbommodation and ease of 
handling are not nebessarily to be sought thrbugh theineanS 
of a rule that is al.=o tp be used for measuring spfeed. Hfere- 
tofore the influence of sUch rules upon design, in respefct tci 
these desirable tjualities, has been uniformly bad, actually 
fencouraging the opposite (Qualities. In view of this experlencb, 
and of certain strong a prior i objections to the plftn of usin^ 
a single formula for purposes so Idgically dift"erent aS inetijs- 
uriug speed, and developing a "safe, loorhy and easily 
handled" yacht, the expediency of such a Bbhenie iS not tb 
be assumed; and he who proposes it should giVe reasons 
therefor. If these were entirely new problems to be Solved 
in the first instance, it is inconceivable that any engiheet 
would think of solving both by the application of the saine 
formula. 
(h) "To equalize the chances of winning prizes between 
boats of different types and characteristics." 
By a system of empirical handicapping, all the boats of & 
fleet, old and new, may be raced together for a prize, and 
afford good sport. The handicaps in such cases are pire- 
sumably so imposed as to put all the boats on an equal foot^ 
ing, the winning of the prize depending upon the skill with 
which the boats are sailed. The sole question here is a day's 
gport, no regard being bad for the development of the yacht 
through the testing of different models for the best speed, 
and the interests of yacht racing in general being ignored. 
Clause (b) may be interpreted to refer to such contests only. 
There is an entirely different kind of racing, viz.i speed 
contests between yachts of different designs and unknown , 
merits of form, to determine which is the speedier form, the ■ 
competing boats being all relatively fast and usually similar 
in size. The main purpose here is entirely different from i 
that in the first case, though they have much in common^ 
the day's sport, contests of personal skill, ete. 
Handicapping in the ordinary sense would defeat the prime 
purpose of such races. Here speed obtained by tnei-itoriotis 
form of hull is rewarded and not handicapped as before. It 
is uncertain whether the author of the new rule intended to ■ 
cover this case by (b). If he did the statement is not suf-) 
flciently explicit, and it may be said here that one measure- 
ment rule will not suit both cases. In the last case there 
should be no handicaps. except for the utilization by one boat, 
more than another of certain speed factors that are inde- 
pendent of the lines of the design, and for which the de- 
signer or the boat should not be credited, such as horse- 
power in a steam vessel and sail area in a sailing yacht. It is 
undoubtedly difficult to determine the speed factors that do i 
not depend upon the form of the hull, which being taken in 
excess should be taxed, and to decide how much they should 
be penalized. But this difficulty should not be ignored in a. 
discussion of measurement rules nor assumed not to exist. 
Probably all would agree that any excess of sail on one 
yacht over another should be taxed in order to make a fair 
race. There is a relation between length and resistance, but 
it cannot be definitely stated in terms of speed; and, further- 
more, in the speed that comes from length, sail area ia an 
important and inseparable factor. The difficulty of assess- 
ing an appropriate tax on the element of speed that depends 
upon length, after sail has been duly taxed, may be avoided ■ 
without subst.intial inconvenience by making numerous 
classes, and requiring all the boats in a class to be built to 
the maximum length; or, what is the same thing, by giving 
shorter boats no lime allowance on account of length — that 
is to say, by leaving L out of the formula. 
It seems obvious that in speed contests nothing should be' 
rewarded that interferes with speed, whether it be displace- 
ment or barnacles. A proper amount of displacement and 
topsides suitably proportioned for safety and accommoda-' 
tion may well be arbitrarily required in all ykchts; but to 
make size of hull a measure of speed between yachts of the 
same length is as un philosophical as giving the Marathon 
race to a cripple. Displacenient being a hindrance to speed, 
enough only should be required or encouraged to insurf 
safety and accommodation. This precise minimum amount 
cannot be secured by means of a formula in which the co- 
efficient of any factor may be changed at will. It can b* 
secured by taking D out of the formula; and by making a 
supplementary regulation stating in plain terms how mucl 
breadth, draft, cubic contents, displacement of hull, etc. 
are deemed inseparable for a given L.W.L. 
{d) "To leave owner and designer absolutely free to pro 
duce anything they please." 
This section is repugnant to the terms of (a), and botl 
cannot stand; (a) should be insisted upon, and (d) should hi 
modified so as to read: "To leave owner and designer free U 
produce anything they please, provided it be a safe, roomj 
and easily handled boat." 
Fourth Head.— The specific objections to the formula 
T, 4- L.xs. 
10 (cubic contents)' 
(1) The inclusion in the formula of terms to influence de 
sign, because the "development of a safe, roomy, speedy anr 
easily handled boat" can better be reached by a rule supple 
mentary to the measurement formula. 
(2) On a given L.W.L. cubic size of hull is detrimental tc 
speed, and only enough should be taken to insure safety and 
