SaPT 25, 1897.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
258 
The story may be old, but it is wortb repeating. It con- 
cerns the native Florida hog, known as the razorback. A 
resident was taking a visiting friend out driving one day and 
showing him the sights, when they came across a hog rub- 
bing himself np against a telegraph pole. 
"What do you call that animal?" inquired the friend, 
never having seen one of the like before. 
"Why, that is a 'razorback' — a' Florida hog," was the 
replv. 
"Yes, but what is he doing rubbing against the pole?" was 
asked. 
"Oh, he's merely stropping himself," replied the Floridian. 
— Florida Citisen.' 
As the yachting journal of America, the Forest and Stream is the 
recognized medium of communication between the maker of yachts- 
men's supplies and the yachting public. Its value for advertising 
has been demonstrated by patrons who have employed its columns 
continuously for years. 
Copies of the Forest and Stream race report blanks, for recording 
and reporting racrs, will he sent to all clubs requesting them. 
YACHT RACING FIXTURES 1897. 
■ The followiDg- list of fixturps has been cnmpiled from many different 
sourceR, some of tbem not official, ani it mav contain some errors. 
We shall bp glad to lia-^e notice of corrections and additionR. 
Races of the Soupd Y. B. U. are cn-i-rked with the letter S; those of 
the Massachusetts Y. R. A. with the letter M: 
SEPTEMBER. 
2!i-26. Oor. San Francisco, cruise, Dillon's Point, San Francisco. 
2.5. Buffalo, closinsr cruise. Like Erie. 
25. American, closing race, Newbnryport. 
OCTOBER. 
9. Miramicbi. Gould cup, Chatham, N. R. 
9-10. Cor San Francjsco. crui.«e. Corinthian Cove, San Francisco. 
16. Cor. San Francisco, closing day, San Francisco. 
17. Cor. Son Francisco squadron, cruise, San Franc'sco, 
The period for the acceptance of challenees without nrefer- 
ence to priority for the Seawanhaka International Cup 
closed on Saturday last. Achallenee has been receivedfrom 
the Seawanhaka Corinthian Y. C, and it is reported that one 
has also been received from an English yacht club in behalf 
of Mr. J. Arthur Brand. 
Thkre is a promise of good .sport next season in the news 
that the new class of restricted 51 -footers is really true, and 
that a number of these yachts will bebuiltand raced, just as 
the 30-footers have been for two years. The new yachts will 
he within the regular limits of the 51ft. class, but special re- 
strictions will be imposed with a view of nroducing some- 
thing better than the extreme racing machine. In model, 
they will .«how a positive S-section, like Colonia, VigUant and 
Gloriana. in place of the fin; and there will be 6ft. of head- 
room under the carlins of a flush deck. The sail plans will 
be moderate, and there will be limitations compelling each 
yacht to carrv a bona fide cruisine outfit in the races, with 
skylights and hatches in place. The rules will be such as to 
produce a yacht on board of which the owner can live while 
racing, to prevent outbuilding in a single season, and to 
make it possible to race without the often useless labor of 
stripping. 
The Herreshoff Mfe. Co. will probably build .seven — all of 
one design— like the 30-foofcers, but the class will be open to 
other designs. It is probable that seven to ten yachts vdll 
be built for 1898. 
The class will sail all the spring races about New York, 
then go to Newport for continued racing through the season, 
and will take pare in the New York Y. C. cruise. 
The present yachts of the 51ft. class— Syce, Kestrel and 
Vencedor— will, of course, meet the new boats in some races. 
During the summer the special committee on organization 
appointed at the conference of yachtsmen last May has been 
steadily at work, and the result of its labors is nowready for 
sending out to the different clubs for approval or suggestion. 
The committee has drawn up articles of association for the 
proposed body, and also racing rules, with the exception of a 
measurement and classification rule, toward which, as de- 
cided at the meeting, nothing definite has yet been done. 
The papers will be sent'out and a meeting will be called some 
time next month, at which it is hoped that a permanent 
plan of organization will be adopted and oflicers elected. 
Ik going out of its special field to discuss yachting mat- 
ters, the A.mateiir Athlete gets very much over its head, as 
follows: 
The ingeanousness of the average Canadian is something 
wonderful to behold. He has a manner of reasoning that 
would puzzle a Schopenhauer to divine. Now that Our 
Lady of the Snows, or poetic words to that effpct, has suc- 
ceeded in retaining her grip on the Seawanhaka cup, she 
calmly announces that precedence in challenging next year 
will be given to anyone and everyone but United States 
yachtsmen, and all because we failed to win back our trophy 
last month! Why not try this argument in connection with 
challenges leveled against us for possession of the America's 
Cup? VVould it not be all right to tell Lord Dunraven and 
the rest of his clan that the Ahkoond of Swat would have 
first call on the Cup, and after that the Fiji Islands' claim 
would be considered? We have tried but once to get back 
the Seawanhaka cup, and yefc we are now classed away down 
the line by the august Canucks. England, on the other 
hand— or other side, rather— has been trying from time im- 
memorial to get back her coveted mug, and yet we do not 
turn aside in disdain; in fact, we are just looking for that 
sort of trouble all the time. There is but one inference to 
be drawn from Canada's action regarding the Seawanhaka 
cup. She's afraid. 
This is not only utter trash, but it is untrue in every par- 
ticular; the new stipulation concerning the reception of chal- 
lenges originated, if we remember, with the Seawanhaka C. 
Y. C. ; at any rate, the two clubs were in perfect agreement as 
to the necessity for a change. No preference is given to any 
nation or club, the arrangement is simply that the holder of 
the cup may select at will from all challenges received with- 
in the first thirty days after the final race, thus putting 
clubs at a distance on the same footing as those near at 
hand. The Seawanhaka C. Y. C. has already put in its chal- 
lenge within the thirty days, and is anxlotis to try again for 
the cup, but many of ■ the members are quite willing to see 
the preference given to a trans- Atlantic challenger, believing 
that it will increase the interest in the contests for the cup 
ftud make it more thoroughly iuternational. ^ 
The New Measurement Formula. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
In regard to the new measurement formula proposed in 
Forest and Stream of July 31, 1 agree to first, second and 
third of the preliminary as stated, and as qualified in the 
issue of Sept. 11. Concerning the consideration of the meas- 
urement rule: 
First — A measurement rule is intended to encourage the 
development of a safe, roomv. speedy, easilv handled boat, 
and I agree that this is desirable theoretically, but believe it 
to have been proven impracticable by exnerience heretofore 
obtained, and suggest instead that the honest and manly 
way for yacht owners and yacht designers to do is to ac- 
knowledge that racing boats are built only for rncine:, which 
is really what is done, and would therefore modify "a" so as 
read: 
(a) To determine whether or not a yacht belongs in a cer- 
tain racing class. 
(b) Admitted. 
(c) Admitted. 
(d) Admitted. 
Second — "What elements of the yacht shoiild be consid- 
ered if the suggestion of 'a' is taken into consideration?" 
The only element that should be considered, in my opinion, 
is that of sail area. 
All measurement rules are used to determine a factor of 
relative size from which the allowance of time from the 
larger to the smaller yacht is calculated; the only rational 
element in such a measurement then, is sail area, because 
sails propel the yacht through the action of the wind, and 
all other elements retard its motion, and in their sum form 
the resistance. This subject is treated by Sextant in the 
issue of Aug. 21 in part and illustrates one of the principal 
fallacies when he says: "In the speed that comes from 
length, sail area is an important and inseparable factor." 
If any speed comes in such a way it would be possible by ob- 
taining sufficient length to obtain unlimited speed, for if any 
speed at all comes from length there should be no limit to 
that speed if the length is unlimited. Speed is the result of 
the action of the wind on the sails overcoming the resistance 
of the hull to motion through or over the water, and the 
fact in regard to resistance is that length is only a minor 
consideration. The facts, as deduced by thousands of tank 
experiments, are that the resistance offered to the passage of 
the yacht through the water are: 
(1) The frictional resistance of the immersed surface (skin 
friction). 
(2) The resistance of the particles of water to displacement 
as evidenced (a) by the formation and maintenance of waves, 
(b) by the tendency to produce a partial vacuum wherever 
angles exist, except at the entrance. 
The skin friction of a clean-painted surface at a speed of 
10 knots for a length of 12ft. is 0.751bs. per square foot, and 
for a length of from 300 to 600ft. and at the same speed, is 
O.eOlbs. per square foot; therefore, this resistance is practi- 
cally independent of length. The wave-making resistance 
cannot be expressed by any formula for dissimilar types, 
but for similar types we know that at speeds of yacht and 
model related to one another as the square root of the length 
the wave-making resistance varies as the displacement, and 
in this the element of length only comes in to determine 
relative speed, but the principal factor is displacement. It 
may be said that the hull resists the tendency to motion 
produced by the sails, with a resistance to motion astern, to 
motion forward, and to motion sideways; the resistance to 
motion in either a forward or a backward direction is about 
the same. The resistance to lateral motion is vastly greater 
than either of them, and is determined by the character of 
the lateral plane. 
In a familiar way, we tnow that the old style of shallow 
.sloop that creates a great deal of disturbance in traveling 
through the water, makes a great deal of leeway; that the 
coasting vessels with a large lateral plane, but with rounded 
ends, also makes much leeway; and that the fin-keel with a suf- 
ficient lateral plane, or the centerboard yacht with a very 
large centerboard, make but little leeway, and in the matter 
of leeway length has absolutely no function to perform. The 
tank experiments show that in a given hull the increases in 
wave resistance with increases of speed are not uniform, but 
advance in a series of jumps. In all of these experiments 
the actual waterline length between extreme points of the 
waterline is measured, but in all of the measurement rules a 
waterline length is measured, which is not the actual length 
of the yacht, which bears a different proportion to the actual 
length of the yacht for every different angle of heel, which 
proportion is different in every yacht, for the same angle of 
heel, except where they are all made from the same model, 
and as a consequence, if the comparison were made by 
lengths, it must fail absolutely because of the fact that the 
lengths are not the same, but are constantly varying. That 
there is a discoverable relation between length, sail area and 
speed is further disproved by the actual performance of cer- 
tain yachts. 
Glencairn and Momo using. 33ft. w.l... oOOsq. ft. ..11 knots. 
Thirty-footers using 42ft. w.l. . . l.OOOsq. ft. . .13 knots. 
Dorothy using 31ft. w.l. . . 975sq. ft. . . 13 knots. 
Defender using 95ft. w.l. . .lO.OOOsq. ft. . .16 knots. 
There is, however, something of a relation between sail 
area and speed of yachts of a similar type. I should say that 
if sail area is the only element producing speed, it should 
rationally be the only element considered in measuring 
speed. 
Third— "The element should be derived from the de- 
signers of the yacht, certified to by the designer and builder, 
and filed with the measurer of the club as club property." 
Admitted. 
As a corollary to the suggestion of using sail area, I would 
add that in my opinion all time allowance should be abol- 
ished. (1) Because experiment has proved that with wind 
as a motive power, the strength of the wind and wave resist- 
ance varies so within small areas as to make any theorizing 
impracticable. 
(2) Because our present time allowance tables are based 
on assumptions, which I have proven absolutely false. 
If we established classes of 225, 500, 750, 1.000, 1,500. 2,500, 
3,500, 5,000 and 10,00<Dsq ft. of sail area, and permit only 
races between yachts of the same cl ss, we would have soon 
a mass of data as to efficiency of sail form and hull that 
would be positive so far as anything can be in which the per- 
sonal equation of the helmsman is so great. 
We, of course, know that some so-called designers will go 
to extremes, but the experiments thus made will teach a 
useful lesson, and at the end of a season's racing the intelli- 
gent designers will have a mass of data from which positive 
lessons of great value can be drawn. C. 
Ogdeu Goelet. 
The steam yacht Mayflower arrived at Newport on Sept. 15 
after a voyage of eleven days from Cowes, bearing the body 
of her late owner, Ogden Goelet. The funeral services were 
held on the following afternoon on board the yacht in New- 
port Harbor. The next day the yacht crossed the bay to 
Wickford, where the body was carried ashore in the launch 
and transferred to a special train. With the family were 
Capt. Jones, of the yacht, and some of the crew The body 
was taken to Woodlawn Cemetery, near New York, being 
carried from the train to the recei\dng vault by ten men 
from the yacht's crew. By special orders the burgees of the 
New York and Seawanhaka Corinthian yacht clubs were half- 
masted on all club houses and yachts on the day of the 
funeral. 
American Y. C, Open Regatta. 
MILTON POINT— LONG ISLAND SOUND. 
Saturday, Sept. 18. 
SOUND T R. U. RULES. 
The last race of the Sound Y. R. U. for 1897 was that of 
the American Y. C. on Sept. 18, sailed off the club station, 
Milton Point, in a light southerly breeze and clear weather. 
The times were: 
CUTTERS -43ft. CLASS. 
Lererth. Elapsed. Corrected. 
Norota, D. B Burnham 41.84 11 15 3 11 15 
Pontiac, H. Hanlem. Jr 40.05' Did not finish. 
Eurybia, Charles Pryer 40.02 Did not finish. 
.SLOOPS — EePT. CLASS, 
Olea. C. P.Buchanan ,,.34.76 Didnotflnish. 
Acushla. A G. Hanan :H.Oi 3 03 92 3 01 36 
Vorantll , G G Tyson -31.00 4 04 00 4 03 14 
Viking, C. S Miller .S4.R2 Did not finish. 
Surprise, J. D Baird 34.68 Did not finish. 
Anoatok, Oswald Sander«on 8 19 10 
SLOOPS— 30ft. fSPECIAL). 
Hera. R. N Ellis 30.00 ^^ 19 5\ 3 19 51 
Carohna. P- Jones .^0.00 3 la 04 3 12 04 
Musme, J. M. MacDonough - 30 00 Did not finish. 
SLOOPS— 20ft. class. 
Kite, Adee Bros 4 17 50 4 17 50 
SLOOPS— 25ft. class. 
OH, F. W Smf^dley 2!!. 05 Did not finish. 
Hoari, E. B. Hart, .Tr 22 99 3 90 18 3 17 48 
Vaquero W. G. Brokaw 22 "9 Did not finish. 
SLOOPS— 15ft. class. 
Trilbv. G. G. Tyson 15.00 4 06 S'' 4 OR 28 
Mist.'C. F. Wolff 15.00 4 29 13 4 29 13 
Fiddler, Nelson Vulte 14.06 4 31 23 4 30 01 
CABIN OATS— 25pt class. 
Qui Vive, G A. Freeth 95 00 Did not finish. 
liarda. H. K Gordon. 24.64 3 56 "iO 3 .56 12 
Win or Lose. J S. Apolehy 2i 03 3 49 40 3 46 54 
Nameless, W L Flaoaean ...20 00 Didnotfinish. 
OPEN CAT8-25PT. CLASS. 
Anelesea. L G. Spflnce 21. .i3 4 07 20 4 07 20 
P. K. Pidgeon. D. P. Harrinerton 20.92 4 03 07 4 00 56 
Brant, J. C Varian 21 .20 4 14 SO 4 14 16 
OPEN CATS -20fT. CLA?S. 
Dorothy. J. E Sanborn 19 .^7 4 16 50 4 15 32 
Frankie, W. F. "Wilson ?0.00 - Didnotfinish. 
Minneionka, A. B. Alley 19 85 4 0^4-; 4 OS 19 
Sora, W. Hoev, Jr la.PS 4 01 52 4 00 59 
Starlins:, E De Levante 19.60 Did not finish. 
Gosbird, R H. Nevins 18:21 4 28 50 4 3i 39 
OPEN CATS —35ft. class. 
Canrice, F. F. Proctor, Jr 11.10 Did not finish. 
Skip, Oliver Adams 13.11 4 38 06 4 38 06 
YAWLS— 20ft. class. 
Zahra. W- H. Browning lO.f^e Did not finish. 
Alice, G. G. Fry 19.66 4 .'12 03 4 32 03 
The winners were: Norota, Acushla, Carolina, Kite, Houri, Trilby, 
Win or Lose, P. K. Pidgeon, Alice. 
Columbia T, C>— Open Regatta. 
CHICAGO— LAKE SrIOHIGAN. 
Saturday. Sept. It. 
The Columbia Y. C sailed its annual open regatta on 
Sept. 11 in a fresh N.E. wind, a very good race resulting. 
The times were: 
CLASS 1- SCHOONERS. 
Start. Finish. Elansed. Corrected. 
Toxteth a 01 15 4 44 ni 2 39 46 2 37 43 
Mistral 2 05 58 4 33 3 J 2 24 31 3 24 34 
CLASS 2. 
Siren 2 04 18 4 13 15 2 08 57 2 OS 57 
Charlotte 2 02 22 - 4 41 50 2 39 28 2 37 41 
Frolic 2 03 03 No finish. 
CLASS 3. 
HattieB..... 3 05 00 4 59 15 2 54 45 2 54 45 
Blade , 2 04 30 4 31 40 2 57 10 2 23 47 
Peri 2 06 09 4 54 04 2 47 55 2 46 24 
Genevieve..,,. 2 05 46 Disabled. 
CLASS 4. 
Wizard 2 14 51 42 30 1 27 .39 1 37 89 
Arcadia 2 13 34 Disabled. 
Bonnie 2 13 50 3 44 <fR 1 .SO 58 1 22 33 
Arline 2 1 5 00 3 41 40 1 26 40 1 26 13 
Aenes.. 2 13 17 4 19 50 2 06 33 1 59 04 
CL4SS 5. 
Weasel 2 15 00 3 59 58 1 41 58 1 41 35 
B 2 11 13 Disabled. 
Microbe 2 12 24 a 35 01 1 .3^ .37 1 29 00 
Checkwis 2 15 00 4 12 03 1.57 02 1 48 03 
Mistral wins the Steffens cup, held by Toxteth; either, 
yacht winninsc it again will hold it. She al.so wins the new 
cup offered by Messrs Lawrence and Kimbark. to be won 
three times in sncce.ssion, or fonr in all. Siren wins the 
Hennig cup, and Blade the Bersr shield. 
The judges were: Cora ¥ W. Morgan, Com. Geo. War- 
rington and John McConnell. Joseph Ruff, timekeeper; 
George W. Rogers, assistant. 
The Thirty-Footers at Ne-wport. 
The race of Sept. 14 was marked by a collision between Wa 
"Waand Veda, in which the latter lost her mast. There was a 
fresh N. W. wind, and the Hope Island course was sailed, the 
times being: 
Finish. Elapsed. 
Esperanza, A. S. Van Winkle 5 39 .50 2 30 50 
Vaquero III , H B Duryea. 5 39 51 2 SO 61 
Dorothy II., H P. Whitney..,...:......' 5 40 02 3 31 02 
Wa Wa, J A. Stillman Did not finish. 
Veda, C. Vanderbilt, Jr...;-.,.. Disabled. 
On Sept. 15 the Dyers Island course was sailed in a S.W. 
wind, the times being: 
Finish. Elapsed. 
Wa Wa, J. A. Stillman 5 46 41 2 30 41 
E~peranza. A- 8. Van Winkle 5 48 12 2 n2 12 
Vaquero IlL, H. B. Duryea 5 49 11 2 sa 11 
On Sept. IS the course was out toBrenton'sReef Lightship 
and return, in a freskS.E. wind, the times being: 
Finish. Elapsed. 
Dorothy TI., H. P. Whitney 4 30 59 1 09 59 
Vaquero iU , H. B Duryea 4 .'^l 4^ 1 10 45 
Wa Wa, J. A. Stillman 4 3i .M 1 11 51 
Esperanza, A. S. Van Winkle 4 33 01 1 12 04 
Knickerbocker T. C. Iiadies* Day. 
COLLEGE POINT— LONG ISLAND SOUND. 
Saturday, Sept. 11. 
SOUND Y. H, U. RULES. 
The Knickerbocker Y. C. sailed a ladies' race on Sept. 11, 
in a very light S.E. wind, followed by a squall, the times 
being: 
51ft. class, 
Elapsed. Corrected. 
Moccasin, S. H. Mason, Jr ^..s! 60 50 2 59 50 
special miskd class. 
Nautilus, .T. McCue , 2 33 1 0 2 .33 1 0 
Whim, J. G. Honey.....,,. . 2 37 10 2 88 05 
25ft. open gats. 
Melita. O Tl. Sbellboy 2 41 12 2 41 07 
Kite, R. & M. Goddard 2 43 09 2 42 12 ■ 
2CPT CATS 
Violet, A.S. Wiemers 2 51 16 2 51 16 
The racing season at Larchmont will end with the three 
races on Sept. 22, 35 and 29 for the 51ft. and 36Et. classes. In 
the former Syce will be matched against Vencedor, and in 
the latter Acushla will meet Anoatok, The races promise 
to be very interesting. 
