Oct. 9, 189t.j 
FOREST AMD STREAM. 
touched upon, the common Tariations of it and from it will 
neifc be fconsidered. Nearly every dog has his own peculiar 
inanner of ranging, and there are few indeed which have not 
some faults which ,are habitual, and rdanjr have a manner 
which is entirely faulty. No dog can perform in a manner 
highei* than his intfelligence will permit. 
Having the knowledge of the habit§ of birds, and the 
ability to work out scents, the dog of inferior range will 
bften excel the dog whose ran^e is wide and superioi- in ap- 
pearance. However, it is self-evident that of two dogs seek- 
ing for birds, the one which ranges wider than the other will 
have the more chances of finding them; and yet the wider 
ranger, if he is without the requisite knowledge aforemen- 
tioned, may not be able to find more than a fraction of the 
birds in the area he works in. Here again comes in the dis- 
tinction of finding birds and coming abross them. The wide- 
ranging dog which trusts entirely to his heels, instead of to 
his heels and head, can run through a good bird country and 
make very few finds. This will explain why some wide- 
ranging dogs are so unsuccessful, while dogs of a lesser 
range succeed in finding better. ^ 
The most common examples of bad ranging are those 
wherein the dog takes his casts, be they long or short, out in 
any direction he first starts in, generally up or across wiod, 
then turning and coming back directly to his handler on the 
bame lioe on which he weut out. On the return he in most 
instances uses his eyes to see where the shooter is and hur- 
ries straight to him. Thus in going out he may use bis 
no!=e, but returning he does not attempt to use it, and if he 
did it would be wasted effort to use it on the ground which 
he has but jupt run over. Some dogs return to the shooter 
on their trail with almost perfect accuracy. A particularly 
annoying feature of this exceedingly faulty manner of rang- 
ing is where the dog habitually takes a cast in a straight 
line ahead of the shooter in thecourse in which he will walk. 
More then half of such dog's time and effort is wasted, for it 
takes him as long to return as it does to go out, and the 
ground, being worked in straight lines which Cover so little 
of it, may appear to be worthless for hunting purposes when 
in fact they may contain birds in plenty. A dog which goes 
and returns in the same line seldom shows any intelligence 
in selecting his ground. He knows no difference between 
the best and the worst. He may point birds when he comes 
across them, as is sure to happen sooner or later iu a bird 
country, for even the shooter will come across birds and 
walk up a bevy now and then. 
As to such habit of ranging, the trainer can do but little 
to correct ir. He can prevent the dog coming quite in as 
some will do, or from coming quite close in to heel to be 
ordered out again, and this by cracking the whip at him and 
ordering him to go on. If need be, he can stop him by re- 
ceiving him with some earnest cuts of the whip if he comes 
within reach of it. If he learns that he will be received in 
such a hostile manner, he will stay away from his handler, 
which is some gain. If he should be a sulky brute in addi- 
tion to being stupid in his ranging, he may quit work and 
loaf surlily, but it is not much loss, for casting out and in on 
the same lines is next to not casting at all. 
If the dog have not "bird sense," that is to say, if he have 
not the intelligence and skill which go with correct methods 
of seeking, the trainer can do little for him in the way of 
improvement. As before remarked, the trainer cannot sup- 
ply the brains which nature omitted If a dog is a fool or 
erratic or naturally inefficient, he is likely to show its effects 
all his life, though in some cases experience and maturity 
make great improvement. 
Another faulty manner of ranging is that wherein the 
dog, instead of turning onward and crossing well in front of 
his handler, turns back on the course, crossing behind" his 
handler, and then perhaps crossing in front and taking a 
cast on again on the side he left but a moment before. Then 
there is the dog which beats out his ground entirely on one 
side of his handler. If called in and sent out on the un- 
worked ground, he in a few moments is back on his favorite 
ground again, and there remains. Some dogs have the very 
annoying habit of working behind the shooter with more or 
less persistency and frequency. Some dogs work close, then 
take a very long cast without much purpose to it, return and 
settle into a narrow range till they feel inclined to take an- 
other long cast. Some dogs stay far out all the time, leaving 
the ground near the shooter practically unworked. Some 
dogs are industrious and never for a moment cease using 
their noses; others never for a moment use their noses till 
they flush the birds. 
The wind is an important factor in ranging. All dogs 
work best when the shooter is going up wind. The dog can. 
then beat across wind to and fro, and in his turns he can turn 
up wind, thus nearly always having the wind of the birds 
which are within the range of his nose. If the shooter is 
going down wind, the dog, though he cnn beat across wind 
as before, must turn down wind at the end of his casts, or, 
turning up wind, he crosses back over the ground he has 
already worked, making thus a loop at the end of his casts. 
Some dogs, when the shooter turns down wind, lose all ideas 
of intelligent range and go as it happens, though they may 
range well up wind. The shooter going across wind makes 
the most trying course for the dog to range to, for then if he 
range across the shooter he must go straight up or down 
'wimi. The wise dog — one of good sense and good experience 
— will range well to the gun whether the shooter's course is 
up, down or across wind, for he casts out far enough so that 
he has a good fling and works to the best advantage. 
Quartering, as artificially enforced, is where the dog crosses 
to and fro in front of the shooter on parallel lines, and covers 
a strip of ground such as his speed will permit while keep- 
ing in front of the shooter. It is apparent that if he made 
his easts too wide, the shooter would walk faster than the 
dog could cut out his parallels. In this country, where the 
habitat of the birds is so irregular and where there is so 
much barren ground mixed in with what is fertile, and 
where intelligent effort is so much superior to set forms, the 
strict quartering part of ranging is not taught nor desired. 
In sections where the birds may be plentiful when sought by 
a dog ranging on his judgment, they would appear to be 
very scarce when sought by a dog which hunted in parallel 
lines across his handler's course. 
The Brunswick Fur Club. 
TffE secretary of the c'ub, Mr. Bradford S. Turpin, Rox- 
bury, Mass , has issued the fol'owing invitation in a foldtr 
giving. all necessary information, as follows: 
The Jirunswick Fur Club cordially invites you to take part 
in its ninth annual field tiials, to be held at Barre, 3Ias8 , 
during the week of Oct. 17. 
Barre is on the Central Massachusetts Bailroad. Sports- 
men passing through Boston will take the cars at the Union 
Station. • 
The club headquarters will be at Hotel Barre, where the 
rates will be $1.50 per day for those who take a luncheon to 
the field; $i.00 per day for thosewho take dinner at thehotel. 
The trials will be judged by Messrs. 8. B. Mills, Need ham, 
Mass. ; Stephen Dtcatur, Portsmouth, N H. ; Eugene Brooks, 
VernoD, Vt. ; A. B. McGregor, Middleton, Mass. ; Bradford 
S. Turpin, Rosbury, Mass. 
The Deibyj open to all hounds whelped on or after Jan, 1, 
1896, will be run on Tuesday, Oct. 19. Eatries close on 
Jlouday evmiug, Oct, 18. Fee to start, $2.00. 
The All Age Stake will be run on Wednesday, Thurs(?ay 
and Friday, Oct. 80-33. Entries close on Tuesday erening 
Oct. 19. Fee to start, $3.00 
The winner of the Derby will hold the R. D. Perry cup 
for one year, and receive the club medal. The winner of the 
All- Age Stake will hold the Aimrimn M^M Cup for one year, 
and receive the club medal. The Norton Q Pope memorial 
chp will be awarded to the hound showing tne best fcombined 
trailing, speed and driving, in the All Age Stake, and will 
be held for one year. Silver Mulala, donated by members 
pf the c'.ub will be given to the first prize winners in the 
Huntiuff, speed and driving, trailing and endurance classes 
of the All-Age Stake. In addition to these special prizes, 
field trial certificates will be given to ttery hound winning a 
place in the Derby or the several classes of the AlI^Age 
Stake. 
The trails are open to the world. All sportsmen wiU be 
heartily welcoriaed. 
FIELD TRIALS AND FIELD TRIAL 
JUDGES-V. 
The mistakes, qualifications and labors of judges having 
been dwelt upon at some length in prior papers setting forth 
mostly what shouldn't be done, the manner in which a judge 
should conduct a trial will now be explained, and thus bring 
the matter to a conclusion. 
First of all, the judge should never waver in his determin- 
ation to be the judge. If there is any exbibition of a lack of 
self-confidence, it will be instantly dttected by the ccmpeti- 
tors. They will chaff each other, one loudly proclaiming 
the excellence of his own drg and pointing out the defects uf 
others in the competition, while the other handlers iu turn 
retort in kmd;and while ostensibly talking to each other 
they are talking at the judge. 
A judge who is at all timorous, whether in respect to con- 
fidence in himself when assuming responsibility, or iu respect 
to his proper knowledge of his subj ct, would better never 
accept the position at all. He will have the rules to enforce 
in conducting the competition and innumerable details to 
rule upon which are not governed by any written rules, but 
which in their settlement require good sense, a knowledge of 
usage in such matter?, and a firmness of character It is one 
of the peculiarities of lite that timidity invites attack, and 
competitors are seldom backward to make what capital is 
possible from the judge's timidiiy or inefficiency. A ' kick" 
is made on one ground or another, much to the disturbance 
of the judge's peace of mind and confusion of purpose. 
The dogs being drawn to run, sufficient information has 
been given in preceding papers as to the proper manner of 
conducting the course and the selection of one which will 
give each brace a reasonably good part of the grounds, etc. 
Reg irdle?s of the time limit which some clubs deem ntces- 
sary to adopt as a sop to competitors, the judge should run 
the dogs till he has reached something like a definite con- 
clmion as to which dogs are meritorious enough to take into 
the second series. Some judges seem to interpret the thirty- 
minute limit as restri- tins the heat to thirty minulc^, neither 
more nor less, whereas it is intended as a minimum, and the 
judge can run longer than the thirty minutes at his discn tion. 
It will now and then happen that, from a brace running in 
the midday hours, or from running through a section where 
theie are no birds, the judge cannot satisfactorily determine 
the quality of the dogs. If he runs them on and on, he wiU 
run ihem to a standstill, and if be is running the dogs on 
ground where there are no birds and running in the midday 
hours, he knows that he is not giving them a fair trial as 
compared with other dogs which ran under more favorable 
conditions of time and birds; so he orders them up and takes 
them into the second series on the groucd that they should 
have a further trial. Other dogi are brought into this seiies 
for supeiioiity shown, therefore the judge can make up his 
second seiies of dogs which have shown superiority and ones 
which have not had a satisfactory trial as to ground, birds and 
time of day. Often it happens that under favorable condi- 
tion!: the unfinished heats can be determined in a few mo- 
ments when the dogs have the desired opportunity to show 
what class of work they are capable of doing. On the other 
hand, dogs which have shown palpable inferiority should 
not betaken into the second series. It is a mistake on the 
part of a judge to take dogs into a higher series as a sop to 
the owners or as a bid for popularity with them, or as a way 
to placate those who are known to be kickers. There is only 
one true way to do the thing properly, and that is to do what 
is right without fear or favor of any one. If any owner 
later asks for information as to why a decision was made, it 
is well to give him the desired information; if he then seizes 
it as a ground for his kick, the better way then is to ask the 
kicker what he is going to do about it. 
In taking dogs i^to the second series, the ones the judge 
rates as superior, he should be careful to select on the class 
of their work and not on any detail of work alone. For 
instance, an inferior might point three bevies within SOOyds. 
inside of five minutes after starting, and the whole affair, 
aside from the mere act of pointing, might be an accident. 
Thit is, there were three bevies close together, which the 
dog couldn't help but find, whether he was seeding or not, 
and, on the other hand, a dog of high-class merit might have 
poor success in finding in a section of ground where tt.ere 
were very few birds. And yet to read that one dog found 
three bevies and the other found nine would on the bild 
statement inaicate everything in favor of the dog which 
found. Thus it is always well to note whether work comes 
from accidental circumstance or from meritorious effort. A 
dog which is taken up into the higher series on the class of 
his work, will always repeat well. One taken in on the 
record of the details may repeat and mhy not, just as it hap- 
pens. A judge who cannot judge of class will never be an 
accurate judge. Where a class is recognized everything 
works to a natural and definite conclusion. Where it is 
ignored, there is often the pitiful and ludicrous spectacle of 
a pottering, low class dog competing lor first or winning 
first when there are high class dogs left in the stake. 
When the final rounds are being run, it is particularly un- 
wise to take in inferior dogs as a complimentary sop to 
owners, for the reason that such dogs may be lucky m abun- 
dance of opportunities, and thus may make a great showing 
from the aceident of having such greater opportunities; then 
the judge finds himself iu the embarrassing position of hav- 
ijg dogs on his hands which he cannot dxop without still 
further running of them. 
Generally there are three or four dogs which are close com- 
petitors, or if there is one distinctly alone in merit for first, 
there are several which are close in merit for the other places. 
If the competition is handled skillfully, everything works to 
a natural and definite climax; if the judge, either from want 
of knowledge or a desire to please the gallery, runs the dogs 
by the natural climax, that is to say, if he runs them by the 
point where the competition is naturally concluded, the whole 
aspect changes. The accidents of time of day, favoratle or 
unfavorable grounds and presence or absence of birds con e 
into play, and the judge becomes confused. Hia decisions 
then are very much after the style of hit or miss. 
'the dogs in each series should be run long enough so that 
there is dtfinite data established in making the selections of 
the best dogs. If the dogs are run exactly thirty minutes in 
each heat, the judge may not know much more about the 
relative superiority or inferiority of the dogs than he did be- 
fore he began. 
In conducting the ttlal he should know what to do, and, 
knowing it, he should insist on having it done. If he doesn't 
know, the best he can do is to drift along to some soft of a 
lucky or unlucky ending. 
When he is 'judging, he shbuld gt> along calmly 10 or 
15yd8. behind the handlers in the open, closer in the thickets, 
and under no circumstances of frantic balls of point should 
he permit himself to gallop furiously here and there. And 
yet this is a trick some judges, and new ones ih particular, 
are much given to. Keep the handlers together. If they 
will separate, keep with the one who keeps the directed 
course. Let the other one go off by himself if he chooses to do' 
so. If he cannot keep his dog to the course, it is an open 
confession that his dog is not broken, and as such he should 
suffer the penalty. When an order is given, no back talk 
should be tolerated. Judging dogs is not accomplished by 
debating matters with the handlers. 
When a man reaches the point where he can judge cor- 
rectly, fearlessly, and with the one test of what is right and 
just,' it doesn't matter whether he is a pointer or a setter man. 
ABOUT FUN. 
New York, Sept. 32. — Editor Forest and Stream: In your 
issue of Sept ] 1 appeared a contribution from H. L entitled 
"A Night in Texas," in which the correspondent fairly re- 
vels in the spectacle of a "bob cat as big as a calf " being 
chased to the death by a half-dozen hounds, who— after a 
'•grim, and grand, and perfectly silent fight," at the termin- 
ation of which, the cat, ' on his back, and with the claws of 
both forefeet firmly fixed in poor Rummager's nose, and a 
big piece of one of Sultan's long ears in his mouth, gives up 
the battle"— are "too tired to worry and quarrel over his re- 
mains; but panting and exhausted, they lie down by his side, 
and the fun is over." Funl That's the word that staggers 
me. Just where the laugh comes in 1 have, so far, been un- 
able to determine; but I presume it must have been excru- 
ciatingly funny to those who witnessed the incident. 
It was apparently the same kind of fun the savages used 
to enjoy when their scalped victims amused them with their 
agonizing cries while the merciless flames enwrapt their 
writhing forms; the same kind of fun— only more so — that 
the untaught urchin enjoys as he plucks the wings — then the 
legs— one by one, and finally the head, from a tiny house-fly; 
and much the same kind that makes the gore bepuddled bull 
ling and kindred amusements interesting — but is not the class 
of fun, I think I am free to say, that is mostly appreciated 
by the majority of gentle minded folks who make up the 
population of this enlightened country tq-day. 
Now, don't set me down as an uninformed tenderfoot, 
although I may be tender hearted — and not ashamed of it — 
for I am in a position to realize as much as any one the ne- 
cessiity of ridding a new country, for economical reasons, of 
the "varmint" which infest it; but it seems to me deplorable 
that any member of tbe great Forest and Stream family 
should turn to the account of sport an accidental run of the 
hounds with its natural consequences and call it "fun " 
If we who are constantly making such earnest efforts to 
imbue into the hearts of our fellow men the soul-aatisfying 
love of nature and her creatures, are to attain satisfactory 
results, it will be largely by the power of example; but such 
( xamples as this can never have aught but the opposite effect 
to that we so much desire. 
It is bad enough to kill at all for sport; in fact, I person- 
ally don't consider it at all requinte that blood be spilled 
that the enjoyment of a day iu my own beloved native 
mountains — far beyond Texas — be perfect. But if life must 
be taken, let it be with all poisible mercy and no gloating 
over tne death struggle. That has always been a sad mo- 
ment to me and one 1 would wish to forget. 
Brethren, be gentle. The more gentle you are, the more 
you'll find that your life, while 
* * • '-Exempt from public haunt 
Finds tongues ia trees. 
Sermons in stones, 
Boolis in the running broofes 
And good in everythiDg " 
Loms Bensox Akik. 
POINTS AND FLUSHES. 
In regard to the prospects of the E. F. T. 0 , Mr. S. C. 
Bradley, the secretary, writes us that ' the members of the 
Eistern Field Trials Club are making a great effort to have 
their Members' Stake a big one and a good one. Pour 
sp' cial priz s have been offered, and a silver cup has been 
subscribed for to be presented to the winner. One of the 
special prizes is to be a painting by P<-of. Osthaus, which 
that genial sportsman and artist kindly offtrs to the first 
dog. That the stake will be a success is already assured, as 
in the neighborhood of twelve dogs have been promised as 
starters, with the chances in favor of three or four more ad- 
ditional, as all members have not been heard from as yet." 
Under date of S pt. 38, the Canadian Kennel Club has 
issued the following circular letter.- 
'As you are doubtless aw&re, the Canadian Kennel Club at 
its annual meeting held on Sept. 9 last, decided to annul at 
the end of the required six months the agreement lately made 
with the American Kennel Club. The A K C. has waived 
its claim to this six months notice and has agreed to cancel 
the agreement immediately. This being the case the business 
of the Canadian Kennel Club will be at once resumed and 
registrations accepted from this dale. The club looks for 
your support and trusts that the future will see the Canadian 
Kennel Club a strong national organization, combining the 
kennel interests of the whole wide Dominion." 
H. B. DOKOVAN. 
Mr. H. B. Donovan, Secretary of the Canadian Kennel 
Club, by order of the president, has notified members that a 
meeting of the executive committee will be held at Queeu'a 
Hotel, Oct. 13, at 8 P. M. 
The FoHEST AND STREAM is put to press each week on Tuesday. 
Oorrespondence intended for publication ghould reach ua at tk 
latvi hv Monday, and as mvch tccrlier at praetic<U)le, 
