492-: 
[Deo. 18, 189?. 
which they draw just as horses. It is in this way that the 
peasants come to town with their vegetables and flowers in 
the morning, and in this way they return in the afternoon, 
seated in their carts, happy and smiling when they have 
been able to sell their loads; and in this contentment the 
dogs seem to join, as they move briskly along, with their 
steady, easy trot, toward home. A team of three or four of 
these dogs can draw 500 or 6001bs. for several hours. The 
average working life of this faithful animal is said to be 
about ten years. 
The cost of maintenance is inconsiderable. The dogs live 
generally on scraps from the kitchen, to which is usually 
added a little milk diluted in water. Like most of the peas- 
ants themselves, they are not often treated to meat, but I am 
informed that they are given a good meat dinner two or 
three times a month. This special dinner consists of horse- 
flesh or beef of the cheapest kind. 
The carts used in the cities differ from those used by the 
peasants. The former are usually about 4ft. high, with two 
wheels, are well constructed, weigh about 2501bs., cost about 
$50, and are drawn by one or two dogs harnessed under the 
cart, assisted by a boy who guides and, when Aecessary, 
pushes. He never rides in or on the cart. This specimen is 
provided with a solid iron bar, about lin. in diameter, fas- 
tened under the rear end of the bottom of the body of the 
cart, and going perpendicularly to the ground, This bar 
touches the ground when the cart is not in movement, and 
keeps the body of the vehicle at a level whUe the boy takes 
out and delivers the merchandise. 
The other is the peasant's or country cart, and is about 2 
or 2)itt. high, usually with four wheels, not so well con- 
structed or finished as the city cart, weighs about 1251bs.. 
costs from $10 to $20 when new, and is drawn by two, but 
oftener by three, four or five dogs harnessed abreast in front 
of the cart. The wife or daughter of the owner is usually 
the conductor of this equipage, and she usually walks into 
the city by reason of the load, but invariably rides back 
home when the load is disposed of. 
The harness is relatively the same as that used for horses, 
and costs $1.50 per animal. Counti'y people, however, often 
make their own harness from scraps of leather, rope, twine, 
etc., and in such cases the cost is practically nothing. 
I should say, in conclusion, that the Belgian draft dog 
performs all the duties imposed upon him in a most satisfac- 
tory and uncomplaining manner. As a factor in the trans- 
portation of merchandise, he occupies a most dignified place 
in this densely populated country. 
In the city he is the trusted and faithful servant of the 
butcher, the laundryman, the small grocer, the baker and 
the shopkeeper, while for the poor peasants he'is literally 
the one thing indisi)ensable in placing all their produce upon 
the market place in the early hours of the morning. He 
does his work faithfully, steadily, and much more cheaply 
than the horse. It costs nothing to train him, but little to feed 
him, and but a little more to possess him. For the peasant 
who raises him there is no cost at all, and with an expense 
of $15 for a cart, and a few scraps of leather and rope for a 
harness, the peasant has a team which answers all demands 
for ten years. He is not more cruelly treated than the 
horse, and he endures the burdens imposed upon him 
equally as well. I really believe the dog suffers less than 
the horse from overloading. When his load is a little be- 
yond his strength, the dog is always assisted, and in town 
the weight drawn by him is constantly being decreased. 
Regulations In the Province of Antwerp. 
^ In Antwerp it is provided that dogs, when used for haul- 
ing purposes, must wear a muzzle of metallic wire; they 
must be hitched to the pole or shafts or under the cart by 
harness at least one meter (39.37in.) long, and must be at- 
tached to one another by chains fastened to hooks on their 
collars; these chains must be thirty centimeters (12in.) in 
length. Dogs may be hitched before handcarts; in case of 
any other vehicles they must not be i^laced more than one 
head's length in front of the pole or shafts. If the equipage 
consists of more than three dogs, the driver must lead the 
dog nearest to passing vehicles. Dog equipages must go at 
a walk in the street, at near corners, in passing vehicles or 
mounted horses, and at all places where the road is encum- 
bered. The driver must always be within reach of the 
equipage, so as to be able to control it. Outside of villages 
the driver may ride, except as hereunder stated, and pro- 
vided he drives the dogs with leather reins. The driver 
must keep his dogs as far as possible from the track followed 
by other vehicles, so as to leave three-fourths of the road 
free. The wagons must be furnished with a plate giving 
the name and address of the owner; this plate must be for- 
ward of the wheel on the left side of the wagon. During 
the night a lighted lantern must be carried on the right for- 
ward side. When the fog is dense or the earth is covered 
with snow, one dog at least must be supplied with a warning 
bell. The driver cannot leave his equipage in the public 
highway without having first hitched it with a chain. The 
use of the whiplash is prohibited. It is forbidden to use for 
draft purposes dogs less than IQJ^in. high at the shoulder or 
dogs which are wounded, sick, infirm or pregnant. It is 
likewise forbidden to ride on a wagon drawn by a single 
dog, to carry on any vehicle drawn by one dog or several 
dogs a weight exceeding 2201bs. per dog in harness, or to 
leave harnessed dogs standing unnecessarily exposed to the 
sun during the heated season. 
Infractions of the preceding regulations are punished by a 
fine of from 19.3 to 96.5 cents or by imprisonment for from 
one to three days; in case of repeated offense within a year, 
by a fine of $1.16 to $1.93 or imprisonment from three to 
eight days. The foregoing punishments may be made cu- 
mulative, in the discretion of the judge. 
In the Province of Brabant the regulations, while not so 
explicit, are generally similar to the preceding. The only 
additions are that vehicles drawn by dogs must be provided 
with a T-shaped support under one end, so chat when at 
rest the weight of the load shall not fall upon the back of 
the dog; and, further, that the harness must always be fas- 
tened on a collar round the neck. 
The regulations of the Province of West Flanders are 
much less detailed. The chief variations to be noted are: 
In the case of well-trained dogs the driver may obtain per- 
mission from the local authorities not to lead the dogs; it is 
forbidden to harness dogs with an animal of any other spe- 
cies; it is not permitted to use harness or muzzles harassing 
in any way the dogs. The dogcart must always give way to 
other vehicles and bicycles. 
The regulations for the Province of Limbourg are without 
any special provisions differing from those prescribed by 
the other provinces. 
-Pino) with L, Scott's 
[Kansas City Field Trials. 
The trials of the Kansas City Field Trials Club began at 
Amoret, Mo.', on the 6th inst. Amoret is about seventy 
miles distant from Kansas City, on the Pittsburg & Gulf 
Railroad. The judges were Messrs. P. T. Madison, and C. 
P. Baldwin, 
The Pointer Stake had eight starters, as follows : 
Theodore Fernkas's K. 0. Kent (King of Kent — Pearl's 
Fan) with Eooney's Kent's Don (Bang Bang, Jr.— Kent's 
Mollie). 
J. E. Guinotte's Toscar El Eay (Toscar— Argo's Queen) 
with L. Scott's Ben (Bertraldo — ^Nora). 
Hersperger's Gypsy Queen (Eertraldo—Rosaline Wilkes) 
•vv^ith E. L. Ragan's Flash (jEneas— Gipsy B.), 
, A. E. Ashbrook's Bart (- 
Flossie (Bertraldo— Nora). 
This stake was decided on Tuesday. K, C. Kent won 
first, Toscar El Ray second, Flash third. The winners in 
the Setter Derbv are: First, Mr. Sinock's Sam T.; second, 
R. K. Campbell's Jack; third, L. Scott's Nora. The All- 
Age Stake (four starters) winners are: First, H. Carna- 
han's Lenapah (Capt. Tough— Jet); second, K. Guinotte's' 
Doc (Capt. Tough— Jet); third, T. Fernkas's Nora (Gath's 
Mark— Mena HI.). 
that heredity will so affect later generations that they -will 
have these qualities naturally. Of course, the bicycle face, 
the wheel back, the humped shoulders, etc., will all be per- 
petuated likewise. Of course, this sort of posterity will be 
all right awheel, but it will not be a pretty sight at pink 
teas. 
Missouri Field Trials Association. 
The trials of this club began and ended on Dec. 8. 
Derby: First, Don Noble; second, St. Cloud; third, Kate E. 
All- Age Stake: First, K. C. Kent; second, Lady Webster; 
third, Glad. 
POINTS AND FLUSHES. 
The young ladies of the Butterfly Bench Show Associa- 
tion are active in promoting the interests of their forthcom- 
ing show, which begins on .Jan. 11. Through the efforts of 
the Association a press committee was formed, which in- 
cluded representatives of all the newspapers in the city. A 
committee to receive visiting newspaper men was also 
appointed. The purpose of the show is most commendable 
and such as to appeal to world-wide sympathy and good 
will, it being purely philanthropic. The receipts are applied 
to support the Association's free beds in Butterworth and U. 
B. A. hospitals, and to establish one in the Children's Home 
hospital. Mrs. Charles Pox and her assistants are now en- 
gaged in preparing the catalogue. Miss Mabel Waters, one 
of the most efficient and enthusiastic members, who has 
been conspicuous in the management of previous shows, is 
spendmg the winter with her mother, Mrs. D. A. Waters, in 
Japan. 
Two dogs, owned at 723 East 164th street, New York, ended 
a tempestuous career on Thursday of last week. They had 
been engaged in several serious scrapes, any one of which 
would have warranted their death. About six weeks ago 
they so injured a Miss Hughes that she died. On Wednesday 
of last week they wantonly attacked a young girl. Miss 
Elizabeth Cells, and severely mutilated her arm before she 
was rescued. Her father, a policeman, called the next 
morning and killed the dogs. It is to be regretted that they 
were not killed long since. Vicious dogs can not be wafted 
into the hereafter too quickly. 
Mr. C. E. Buckle has moved to Montpelier, Clay county, 
Miss., to train, there not being sufiicient birds at Lake 
Forest, Miss., for the purposes of training. There are very 
few streams and springs in the latter place, and the dry 
summer, it is conjectured, may have caused their death or 
driven them out. 
Oommunications for this department are requested. Anything on 
he bicycle in its relation to the sportsman is particularly desiral'e 
WHEELING NOTES. 
Scorchlnfir the Scorcher. 
It is reported that a new bicycle ordinance has been put 
in force in Morgan Park, one of Chicago's most beautiful 
suburbs. The police therein are required to shoot scorchers 
if they cannot otherwise stop them, and the report further 
states that they are to shoot to kill. The last clause unearths 
the cruelty of the joke on the police, for if they shot at a 
scorcher with an intent to kill him, all stray dogs, billygoats, 
poultry, etc., would do well to seek cover instantly. In the 
art of shooting at man or dog and killing something else, a 
policeman is unequaled. In days gone by, when the police- 
man shot at a delectable "mad dog" and killed an over-curi- 
•ous bystander, the dog had a reasonable degree of immunity 
from violent death, but now that the policeman may make 
an alleged shot at the scorcher, there may be few dog days. 
As to Starting. 
Man is full of purposeless efforts when he must needs trust 
largely to himself in dealing with matters outside of his pro- 
fession. Still more is he given to purposeless imitation. For 
instance, observe the average rider start on a morning ride 
for pleasure. He bends forward, exerts enormous force on 
the pedals, precisely as does a racer when starting in a des- 
perate contest, wherein every moment lost at start or finish 
may mean a loss of the race. The average rider, starting 
thus, subjects the chain and frame to enormous strains, 
stretching and injuring the former and twisting the latter. 
But, strangest of all, after starting in the fierce and forceful 
manner of the race track, he immediately subsides into a 
calm and easy saunter which is out of all keeping with the 
flurry of starting. It is such senseless abuse of the wheel 
which spoils it before it is worn out. It is such brainless 
riding which makes repair shops thrive. The imitation 
racer riding for pleasure, he with the mannerisms of the 
track off the track, is he who has a story to tell of long re- 
pair bills and collapses of his wheel far from home. 
Dirty Chains. 
No part of the wheel is more systematically neglected than 
the chain, and no part is of more vital importance both to 
the usefulness of the wheel and to the comfort of the rider 
if the matter of useless force is worthy of consideration. 
The experiments on draft and friction, made by Prof, Car- 
penter at Cornell University, stimulated other investigation. 
An English expert, testing the difference of loss between a 
clean chain and one more or less encumbered with grit, found 
that the frictional loss of the former was a trifle less than 1 per 
cent., while the gritty chain in about the average condition, 
of neglect indicated a loss of from 30 to 40 per cent. 
The Chalnless. 
A manufacturing house of large pretensions announces 
that it will have ready by March next a new chainless wheel, 
which will be placed on the market at $75. It will he simi- 
lar in mechanism to those already announced by standard 
makers. Chainless wheels at $50 are also contemplalated. 
Plj?eon Toes and Wheels. 
And now comes forward one man of medicine who sol- 
emnly avers that riding the bicycle alters the development of 
the legs and further tends to making riders pigeon-toed, and 
As the yachting journal of America, ift e Forest and Stream is the 
recognized medium of communication between the maker of yachts- 
men''s supplies and the yachting 2)ublic. Its value for advertising 
has been demonstrated by patrons who have employed its columns 
continuously for years. 
The Massachusetts Y. R. A. will hold a special meeting, 
in answer to a call, to reconsider the question of the imme- 
diate abolition of time allowance. Under the circumstances 
this is the wisest course, and best calculated to allay the 
friction which has arisen within the Association. We hope, 
however, that a fair and open discussion' of the question will 
demonstrate that the time has really come when all allow- 
ance should be abolished. The vested interests which will 
really suffer by the loss of allowance are too small to stand 
in the way of such an important reform. 
The Boston Herald has done good work in proving the 
absence of any sound reasons for the retention of time al- 
lowance. Of course the jErer(/.lc7, is strongly in favor of such 
a usejless and obsolete encumbrance, and it has ransacked all 
yachting, from "The G-reat 21ft. Class" down to Defender 
and the America's Cup, to prove the necessity of building to 
all odd sizes; and the best argument it has thus far adduced 
is that a man may, for instance, be unable to afford a 25ft, 
l.w.1. yacht, and should therefore be allowed to build one of 
22ft. length and receive time from the larger. This flimsy 
argument is elaborated to the utmost to show the unjust 
discrimination in favor of the wealthy yachtsman who can 
afford a 2o-footer, and against the poor man who can only af- 
ford one of 22ft. length. The classes in the Massachusetts Y. 
R. A. arelofb., 18ft., 21ft., 25ft., .30ft. and 35ft. This wide range 
of sizes enables a man to build to the top of some class, ac- 
cording to his means, and removes all excuse for building to 
the middle of a class. The best reason we know of on the 
side of time allowance is that there are always some who 
through ignorance of designing cannot build close to a fixed 
limit, or who through carelessness or contrariness do not do 
so. There is no reason why any further privileges should be 
extended to either of these classes. 
The general meeting of the Yacht Racing Association on 
Dec. 2 resulted in the rejection of the new formula proposed 
L. H- SB. + G., 
for the yachts of 36f fc. linear rating and under, g 
or one-half the sum of L. W.L,, twice the beam, and the girth 
measured around hull and keel from L.W.L. to L.W.L. 
The Council, at its meeting on Nov. 12, declined to recom- 
mend this change, so that a vote of three-fourths of the 
general meeting was necessary to the adoption of the amend- 
ment. The vote actually stood 21 against and 6 for. At a 
meeting of the Council on the same day Mr. iEmilius Jarvis, 
of the >Royal Canadian Y. C, was present, and the question 
of a possible international agreement in rules was discussed. 
From the reports in the daily papers and the telegrams 
from the other side it appears that some misapprehension 
exists as to the mission of the American yachtsmen now in 
London. At the time oftheorganizationof the Yacht Racing 
Union of North America last month, two of the organiza- 
tion committee — Mr. Jarvis, of the Y. R. U. of the Great 
Lakes, and Mr. Macdonough, representing the Pacific Inter- 
club Y. A. — were about to sail for England on business, by 
chance being booked on the same steamship. It was sug- 
gested that while in London they should consult with repre- 
sentatives of British yachting interests as to the possibility 
of an international agreement in measurement and other 
yachting rules. Beyond being acquainted with the general 
drift of discussion of the measurement question here, they 
had no formal proposition to lay before the British Y. R. A., 
and there was no possibility of anything further than &%mi'r 
parler to establish closer friendly relations in matters in 
which both nations are interested. On this side there is at 
present no definite proposition for a new measurement rule; 
and on the other side the whole matter is in a very uncertain 
state; so much so that there would be nothing to gain here 
by the adoption of the existing Y. R. A. rule. At the same 
time the trend of opinion on both sides is such as to lead ul- 
timately to the same class of rule; and there is probably no 
serious reason why a satisfactory rule for one side of the 
Atlantic will not answer equally well for the other. Of 
course the climate and conditions are not identical; on this 
side a larger sail spread is carried; but it does not follow 
that this presents an insuperable obstacle to the satisfactory 
operation of one common rule. One of the Americans — ^Mr. 
Macdonough — was called to Paris, and consequently could 
not be present at the meeting. 
If, as now appears, the Emperor of Germany has really 
bought Yampa, it is possible that he may depart from the 
policy he has thus far followed in the treatment of American 
yachts, excluding them from all entry for the various valu- 
able prizes which he has offered for international (European) 
competition. The spirit of narrow-minded exclusioji with 
which he has sought to protect EngUsh and German yachts 
from American competition is of a sort to awaken wild trans- 
ports of envy in the breasts of such Americans as Messrs. 
Payne, Frye and Bates, in spite of all that they have at- 
tempted and achieved in restricting and annoying American 
yachtsmen. That he appreciates such a vessel as Yampa is 
ample proof that the Emperor knows something of yachts, 
and the possession of such a craft makes it almost impossible 
for him to discriminate against others who may own vessels 
of the same nationality. 
RuMOKS are rife of challenges for the Canada cup, not only 
from one but from all points of the Lakes, Buffalo, Chicago, 
and Detroit. We hope that some one of these will _ take 
actual shape before many days, with a resulting series of 
trial races which will enlist the support of the entire southern 
shore of the Great Lakes. It is reported that Mr. Berriman, 
of Chicago, who raced Vencedor against Canada in 1896, is 
about to challenge, provided fair terms can be made, and 
that the Detroit yachtsmen are only deterred by the fact that 
the terms are unfair, and that if nothing else can be done 
they will challenge for the Mabley trophy, a cup valued at 
'6600, also won by Canada in her races with Vencedor. 
The terms of the Canada cup, published in the Forest 
AjSTD Stream, are perfectly fair in securing equal rights and 
privileges to both parties, and under the existing rules of 
the Y. R. U. of the Great Lakes, which must govern the 
match, both are on exact terms of equality in designing and 
building. It is true that it is impossible for either defender 
or challenger to build a fin-keel or a yacht of extreme light 
construction, as of aluminum for instance ; but the Umita- 
tions of type and construction are only such as to compel the 
building of staunch and serviceable yachts that will have a 
