224 
M. L. FERNALD 
broad Hudsonian and Canadian range nearly across the continent. 
Other more famiUar examples, because of more southern range, of 
these widely dispersed species of nearly continuous distribution over a 
vast area, are Clematis virginiana, extending in abundance from eastern 
Quebec to Georgia and Lake Winnipeg; and Eupatorium perfoliatum, 
abounding from Prince Edward Island to Florida, Louisiana and the 
Dakotas. The entrance of these floras into the New England-Mari- 
time Province region in solid phalanx from the extensive regions to 
the southwest, west, northwest and north presents no problem and 
this major element of our flora (the common and widespread plants) 
may be dismissed with this brief mention, although such plants as 
these are the ones most emphasized by many phytogeographers. 
Similarly we may pass the more strictly Alleghenian plants, such as 
Ilex monticola (fig. 2), which cling conservatively to the rich wooded 
slopes of the Alleghenies and in New England are found chiefly on 
the northern extension of the Alleghenies, the Taconics of western 
Massachusetts and Connecticut. 
Of greater interest are the coastal plain species, because they 
represent in New England, eastern Canada and Newfoundland a relic 
of the extensive flora which during the late Tertiary migrated north- 
ward along the then highly elevated continental shelf and at the 
drowning of the shelf were left as relics at isolated points. This 
isolated remnant of the flora derived from the southern coastal plain 
is represented by about 200 species north of New Jersey, and nearly 
every excursion to southwestern Rhode Island, Cape Cod, Plymouth 
County (Massachusetts), Nantucket, southern Nova Scotia, Cape 
Breton, eastern New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, the Magdalen 
Islands or southeastern Newfoundland, adds to the number of thus 
isolated species known to us or extends our knowledge of those already 
recognized. 
Some of these range northward only from New Jersey, Delaware or 
Maryland, such species as Eriocaulon Parkeri, isolated in the brackish 
estuaries of the Potomac, Delaware, Housatonic, MiU River (Conn.), 
Merrimac, Kennebec and Penobscot; or Chrysopsis Jalcata, the com- 
mon "yellow aster" of southern New England. Others extend north 
from Florida, Mississippi or southeastern Texas, such species as 
Ilex glabra or the genus Bartonia (fig. 3) ; while a number, like Drosera 
jiliformis (fig. 4) , occur in the Northeast as colonies quite isolated from 
the South. Some, like Panicum Wrightianum, were originally de- 
