GEOGRAPHIC AFFINITIES 233 
the Atlantic and Mediterranean regions of Europe and northern 
Africa, the coasts and steppes of southwestern Asia* the Atlantic 
Islands (Madeira, the Azores and Bermuda), Cape of Good Hope, 
the coast of California, southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile 
and the Islands of Juan Fernandez off the coast of Chile. /. Cooperi 
is known only from saline regions of California and Nevada; /. Roe- 
merianus only on the coast from Virginia to Texas; J. austerus only 
from Chile; and /. Kraussii only from South Africa; while /. maritimus 
is widely but interruptedly dispersed: on the Atlantic and Mediter- 
ranean coasts of Europe, southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa, 
Cape of Good Hope, the Azores, Bermudas, Brazil, Australia, Tas- 
mania and New Zealand, with its only station on the North American 
coast on Coney Island, New York." The seventh species occupies an 
area of only a few square rods in a marsh on the southern margin of 
Cape Cod and on account of its apparent antiquity has been called 
/. pervetus. * 
I have now closed my long enumeration of the world-floras to which 
the New England-Gulf of St. Lawrence flora shows strong affinities. 
If in the enumeration I have omitted any conspicuous areas it must be 
recognized that it is impossible in one hour to refer to every corner of 
the globe. It has often been asserted by our friends to the west of 
New England that the Autocrat was too ready to admit that ''Boston 
State-house is the hub of the solar system"; but at least they cannot 
deny that Boston is nearer than other large American cities to the 
center of the Garden of Eden. 
I am often urged by those whose interest in phytogeography does not 
descend to such minute details as actual species and varieties to ''write 
something about the vegetation of New England. We have had enough 
about its flora ; what we need is an account of the vegetation . ' ' To which 
I am forced to reply that, until we know the species and varieties which 
constitute the flora, it is premature to enter far into generalizations 
which depend for their value upon unquestionable premises. And 
that we are just beginning to know the flora of New England and the 
region about the Gulf of St. Lawrence should be sufficiently apparent 
when a summer's botanizing by a single pair of workers in the old 
states of Maine and Massachusetts results, as did the summer of 1916, 
in the positive extensions of known ranges of 725 species and the addi- 
tion to the flora of one state or the other of 64 species, 23 of them new 
to New England and a full dozen quite new to science. 
