FLORAS OF EASTERN AND WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND 243 
England and western France or of the barrens of New Jersey, for here 
is a pecuHar minghng of plants characteristic of the peats and silicious 
soils of Atlantic Europe and of the northern coastal plain of the United 
States. The peaty tracts are brilliant in August with the delicate, 
pearly-pink flowers of Pediciilaris sylvatica, one of the most character- 
istic species of humus in western Europe, known nowhere in America 
except in southeastern Newfoundland, where it is accompanied in the 
peaty and heathy slopes not only by the heather itself, Calluna vul- 
garis, but by a unique grass, Sieglingia decumbens, a species of the 
peaty and heathy soils of Europe which in Great Britain bears the 
significant name ''Heath Grass"; and one will find in southeastern 
Newfoundland with these characteristic European oxylophytes another 
of their European associates, the strong perennial Potentilla prociim- 
bens, resembling our Potentilla canadensis, but with many technical 
differences. This species, characteristic of western Europe, Madeira, 
and the Azores, is unknown in America except in the peaty slopes and 
wood-borders of southeastern Newfoundland and Cape Breton, 
although there is a vague early report of its having been collected in 
southern Labrador. Several other Atlantic European plants, alto- 
gether about 25 species, quite unknown in America outside eastern 
Newfoundland or occasionally Cape Breton or Sable Island, lOO miles 
off Nova Scotia, might be enumerated, but the species already men- 
tioned are sufficient to indicate the Atlantic European element in the 
peaty soils of the region. 
Associated with these plants one will find Solidago tiniligulata, 
a characteristic plant of the New Jersey pine barrens; Gaylussacia 
dumosa, the coastal plain huckleberry, extending from the Gulf of 
Mexico around the entire coastal plain of eastern America; the inevi- 
table cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, which in the Yankee mind 
immediately suggests Cape Cod or New Jersey; or Aster nemoralis, 
a characteristic plant of southern New England and New Jersey. 
Turning to the more favorable habitats, the river-silts and -gravels, 
one will find likewise the strong European affinity in such species as 
Junciis bulbosus, unknown in America except in eastern Newfoundland 
and on Sable Island, while the coastal plain affinity is conspicuous in 
such plants as Sisyrinchium gramineum, abundant throughout the 
southeastern United States, becoming rare north of Massachusetts 
and quite unknown east of central Maine except as localized on Sable 
Island, the tip of Gaspe, and in southeastern Newfoundland; or 
