252 
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 
[Vol. 9 
berries for a long period. This is particularly true of most Wisconsin 
bogs, as the oxygen content of the flooding water is low. A flooding period 
of 5 or 6 hours, or less if possible, is desirable. For this reason small flooding 
sections should be arranged. During the day, except in cloudy weather, 
injury is less apt to occur on account of the photosynthetic activity of the 
submerged vines. When there is danger of frost, the water may be held 
longer on account of the lower respiration rate of the cranberries, the re- 
duction in the rate of oxidation of organic matter, and the increased cap- 
acity of the water for oxygen. 
After picking, the conditions affecting the keeping quality of water- 
raked berries are the same as for dry- raked, and the recommendations of 
Shear and associates (4) should be carefully followed. 
Conclusions 
1. Storage tests indicate a superiority in the keeping quality of water- 
raked berries. 
2. The spoilage of water-raked berries is due to two causes: fungous 
rots and smothering. Injury from smothering as a result of flooding is 
apt to occur in Wisconsin marshes on account of the low oxygen content of 
the flooding water. 
3. Differences were observed in the keeping quality of different varieties 
of berries. 
4. The age of the berries at the time of flooding is a factor in determining 
the degree of injury. Berries flooded before they are fully colored are 
more seriously injured than those flooded when fully colored. 
5. The rate and completeness of drying affect the keeping quality by 
their influence on the extent of infection by rot-producing fungi. Quick 
and thorough drying is essential. 
6. The possibilities of injury by water-raking are greater than in dry- 
raking. Water-raking, may be done without serious injury if certain pre- 
cautions are observed. 
7. After picking, water-raked berries should be handled and stored with 
the same care given to dry-raked berries. 
University of Hawaii, 
Honolulu 
LITERATURE CITED 
1. Bergman, H. F. The effect of cloudiness on the oxygen content of water and its sig- 
nificance in cranberry culture. Amer. Jour. Bot. 8: 50-58. 192 1. 
2. Franklin, H. J. Report of the cranberry substation for 1916. Mass. Agr. Exp. Sta. 
Bull. 180. 1917. 
3. Hill, G. R., Jr. Respiration of fruits and growing plant tissues in certain gases, with 
reference to ventilation and fruit storage. Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 330. I9I3- 
4. Shear, C. L., Stevens, N. E., Wilcox, R. B., and Rudolph, B. A. Spoilage of cranberries 
after harvest. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 714. 191 1. 
