January, 1900. 
DOERFLINGER AND BrOWN — EfFIGY MoUNDS. 
17 
occupied the greater part of the land along the three rivers, Mil- 
waukee, Menomonee and Kinnickinnic, in Milwaukee County, and 
extended on to Racine, in Racine County and west to the Fox 
River to the great works at Great Bend, and on to Burlington, 
Wisconsin. 
It often happens that two or more types of eftigies are to be 
seen forming part of one group, where two domains overlap each 
other or where two or more clans occupied the same hunting 
ground. 
This latter may be plainly seen by a glance at the game drive 
at Crawfordsville in Racine County, lying on the edge of a rice 
swamp several miles from the village site at Great Bend, of which 
it is generally conceded to be an out-work, in the territory of the 
panther clan, and first described by Dr. I. A. Lapham. 
The effigies comprising this group are two of the panther, two 
turtle, three bird and one smaller effigy. 
The runways themselves, through which the game is supposed 
to have been driven, are formed by nearly parallel location of the 
panther, turtle and oblong mounds, while the birds with wings 
wide-spread, nicely closed the embrasures at one end, forming a 
kind of game trap. And again the intermingling of two or more 
styles of effigies in one group may denote the removal of the 
original occupants from one point to another through the influence 
of war or stern necessity. 
In either case the invading force might choose and probably 
did choose to indicate and commemorate its acquirement of new 
territory by erecting its own effigies near those of its late occupants 
and probably making them especially numerous and prominent. 
What is more likely than that each should have its own clan 
center of goveriiment and population. 
That of the panther clan appears to have been located at Great 
Bend on the Fox River, and others elsewhere. The wonderful 
works at Aztalan, we are informed, were a clan center or what 
is more likely by its extent, peculiar construction, centered trails 
and central location, the capital of a once great nation. 
(See S. D. Feet's 'Trehistoric America," Vol. II.) 
'The attitudes of the animals will be seen not in a single group, 
but bv studying various groups, as all the groups are character- 
ized by the presence of a ruling divinitv, one group furnishing 
one attitude and another another, the whole series ,2:iving; a historv 
of the divinitv or show how varied his moods are." — (Prehistoric 
America, S. D. Feet, Vol. II.) 
Of the many mounds of the panther or lizard type described 
by Dr. I. A. Lapham and others from this locality, all with but one 
or -two exceptions, of which we will speak later, are represented in 
