January, 1900. Brunckex— Distribution of Some Trees, etc. 37 
and a few young elms and cotton woods. On the southerly side 
of the river, above Gettelmann's brewery, where the thicket bor- 
ders on a large meadow, there is on its edge a fringe of other 
shrubs, containing the following species in about equal numbers : 
Ptelca trifoliata (3), Xanthoxylum Americanun, Cornus stoloni- 
fcra, Corylus Americana, Crataegus coccinea, Sauihucus nigra. 
These same shrubs are springing up in clumps all over the ad- 
jacent meadow, and if they are left undisturbed will probably in 
time convert it into a brushwood. There are a few herbaceous 
plants so characteristic of this salicetiim that they deserve men- 
tion. These are Calystegia Sepinin, Lespideza repens, and espe- 
cially Echinocystis lohata. This species is not found anywhere, 
in this neighborhood, except in saliceta, such as those in the Me- 
nomonee Valley and at Helm's mill. But there it is very com- 
mon, and with its pretty, climbing shoots, conspicuous flowers and 
cjueer fruit is a very attractive feature of the landscape, some- 
times covering large shrubs almost entirely out of sight. 
Ciiscnta Gronovii frequently preys upon the willows. The in- 
sect enemies of the latter are very numerous, and during the later 
part of the season it is practically impossible to find a bough most 
of the leaves of which are not more less insect-eaten. Conspic- 
uous on account of the strange effect on the branches attacked is 
Cecidoinyia salicis-frificoides Walsh. 
The second type of willow stations is along the banks of the 
small streams, many of them barely a couple of feet wide, and 
often dry during a portion of the summer, which are so plentiful, 
especially to the west and south of the city. Along these runs, 
particularly where they flow through meadows and pastures, indi- 
vidual willows, either as trees or shrubs, are met with usually at 
short distances, but in no such locality that I know of is there any- 
thing approaching a thicket. The species to be met with here are 
in their order of frequency, ^. aniygdaloides, nigra, discolor, Beb- 
biana and cordata. Fluviatilis is absent. The reason why thev 
are confined to individuals occurring singly or in very small 
groups is, hardly without a doubt, that the moisture supplied by 
these little streams is not sufficient to affect the soil for more than 
a few feet along their margins, and there is consequently no room 
for regular saliceta. 
A third and most interesting type is formed by the saliceta de- 
veloped in the swamps filling depressions in the uplands, especial- 
ly in the Town of Wauwatosa. These swamps are sometimes with- 
out visible outlets ; sometimes they give rise to the small streams 
3. It is peculiar that this handsome shrub scetns to occur nowhere in this- 
region except in the central part of the Menomonee Valley and the adjacent slopes. 
In these localities it is very numerous and reproducing finelv. 
