JULY, 1900. GRAENICHER— FERTILIZATION OF SYMPHORICARPOS, ETC. 149 
stigma before reaching the anthers. Their visits to newly opened 
flowers, before the anthers dehisce, can have only one result : 
cross-fertilization. The stigma may be bent over to one side and 
touch one of the anthers, with the possibility of effecting spon- 
taneous self-fertilization ; this may take place in older flowers 
especially, where the corolla tube grows longer and brings the 
anthers nearer to the stigma. In this manner the flowers may 
finally resort to spontaneous self-fertilization in case fertilization 
through insect-agency has not been accomplished. Besides being- 
well supplied with nectar, the flowers are fragrant. I have seen 
them visited frequently by the following bees. 
Apidae: (i) Osinia atrivcntris, Cr. ? ^ s. ; (2) 0. dis- 
fincta, Cr. s: Andrenidae : (3) Halictus quadrimaculatus, 
Rob. 9 , s. and cp. ; (4) Halictus sp. ? , s. ; (5) Andrena vicina, 
Sm. 9 , s. ; (6) A. pruni, Rob. ?, s. 
The length of the corolla tube points to an adaptation to bum- 
ble-bees, and Lovell has, as stated above, observed this kind of 
visitors in New England. Although I did not witness the visit of 
a single bumble-bee to the relatively small number of flowers 
under observation, yet, I entertain no doubts as to their paying 
attention to these flowers in our locality. 
In color, size, structure and position of the flower, this species 
agrees closely with Lonicera coerulea, L., a bumble-bee-flower 
growing in the alpine region, the fertilization of which has been 
observed first by Ricca (10). 
Lonicera totarica, L. Tartarian Bush-Honeysuckle^ 
(Fig. 4.) 
This species, a native of Siberia, is a favorite shrub in our 
gardens, and grows in a wild state along the eastern bank of the 
Milwaukee river above the city, west of the city in the Menomo- 
nee valley and in various other places. Its blooming season is 
from May 20 to June 11. The flowers which are found in our 
neighborhood agree in a general way with the description given 
by Hermann Mueller (11) of flowers observed in Germany on 
cultivated specimens. They stand erect, in pairs, are white or 
rose-colored and have a corolla tube of 7 mm. length, which is 
slightly curved and somewhat dilated on the outer side near the 
base, so as to form a nectar-producing gibbosity. The tube is 
narrower than in the preceding species, having a width of 3 mm. 
at the mouth and mm. near the base. The long lobes of the 
10. Ricca. Osservazioni sulla fecondazlone incrociata dei vegetal! alpini e subalpini. 
Atti. Soc. Ital. Sc. XIV. 255, 
11. H.Mueller. Die Befruchtung der Blumen, etc., p. 363. 
