JULY, 1900. GRAENICHER— FERTILIZATION OF SYMPHORICARPOS, ETC. 153 
of the flower. The short tube of the corolla is 2 mm. wide at 
its mouth, but lower down it becomes dilated, forming a honey 
secreting gibbosity. Dense, white, wooly hairs, arising from the 
upper portion of the tube, as also from the style and the filaments, 
protect the honey in the erect flowers from rain and probably 
from the visits of intruders, ants for example. In the open 
flower the stamens gradually become longer and attain a length 
of 8 mm. outside of the tube, while the style is i mm. shorter. 
At first only the style and the 2 stamens next to the lower lip 
protrude from the newly opened flower ; the style bends outwardly 
and takes up a position in the middle between the 2 stamens, 
which are divergent. The stigma is receptive from the time on 
it escapes from the bud, while the 2 neighboring anthers do not 
open as early. This slight degree of proterogyny is sufficient to 
insure cross-fertilization in many cases, as the flowers attract a 
numerous set of visitors. The 3 remaining stamens are usually 
erect, their anthers do not begin to dehisce until the 2 others have 
shed their pollen. The style retains its first position for about 
a day, and then it moves towards the upper lip ; in the new posi- 
tion the stigma may touch an anther of one of the erect stamens 
and become self-fertliized, in case fertilization has not been 
accomplished previously. As the recurved lower lip is placed 
out of the way of the visitors, the latter are likely to alight on 
the protruding stamens and style. This is a contrivance favor- 
ing cross-fertilization, especially in the younger flowers, as long 
as the style is directed outwardly. The flowers emit* a faint 
odor. In the following I give a list of the visitors observed. 
A, Bees^ 
Apidae: (i) Apis melliUca, L. § s. ; (2) Bombiis ameri- 
canorum, F. 9 s. ; (3) B. consimilis, Cr. 9 ? , s. ; (4) B. 
cdwardsii, Cr. 9, s. ; (5) B. pennsylvaniciis, De G. 9 ^ , s. ; 
(6) B. ternarius, Say 9, s. ; (7) B. virginicus, Oliv. 9 , s. ; 
(8) Ceratina dupla, Say 8^, 9 , s. and cp. ; (9) Osmia albi- 
ventris, Cr. 9 , s. ; (10) 0. atriventris, Cr. 9 , s. ; Andrenidae: 
(11) Halictus coriaccus. Sin. 9 , s. ; (12) H. fasciatus, Nyl. 9» 
s. and cp- ; (13) H. similis, Sm. 9, s. and cp. ; (14) Agaposte- 
Tiion radiatus. Say 9 , s. ; (15) Andrcna vicina, Sm. 9 , s.; 
B. Birds. 
(16) Trochilus coluhris, L. s. 
In regard to its floral structure, Lonicera ohlongifolia, L. 
