Enemies of Fruit Trees and Plants 
Only a few years ago little or nothing was known about fungous diseases, and almost 
nothing about the insects that trouble the fruit-grower. But we know now the life history 
of all the common insects, as well as fungous diseases, and know how to combat them at 
each stage of their life. It is only necessary to follow directions, and be prompt and thor- 
ough, to insure success. A man will spend weeks cultivating his corn field, that will 
barely yield a crop to cover the labor, and begrudge a week's time to his fruit, that will 
yield him retunis running into hundreds of dollars' profit per acre. 
INSECTS 
There are some insects that escape our attention entirely unless we look closely. 
Among these are the gnats, mites, ^scale lice, and the ordinary plant-lice. These are all 
insects that live by sucking the sap of the plant for food, and have to be combated with 
some mixture that dries on them, stopping up their breathing pores, which are arranged 
along their sides, or else by their caustic action eats away their tissues and destroys them- 
They have a great many natural enemies. Among them are the Ichneumon Fly — a fly 
looking much like a tiny wasp — and the Lady Bug. The insects that eat the leaves for 
food, such as the Potato Bug, the Apple Tree Tent Caterpillar, etc., arc killed by poison- 
ing their food, and some fonn of arsenic has been found best for this purpose. 
FORMULAS FOR SPR AT 1 N G 
PARIS GREEN. 1 lb. Paris Green 3 lbs. lime, 100 gallons water. Spray upon foliage 
to kill elm leaf beetle and all biting insects. Commonly used with Bordeaux Mixture. 
KEROSENE EMULSION. 2 gals, kerosene, } lb. common soap, 1 gal. water. Dissolve 
the soap in hot water, add kerosene, and chum all together until a white creamy mass is 
foi-med.. which thickens on cooling. Dilute nine times before using. This is to kill the 
sucking insects. 
LIME SULPHUR SPRAYING MIXTURE. 14 lbs. lime, 14 lbs. flowers of sulphur, 40 gals, 
water. Put about one-third of the water in a receptacle, then the sulphur, and lastly'' the 
lime, and stir constantly until the lime is slaked, then boil for an hour, or until the mix- 
ture becomes a reddish amber color which indicates the sulphur has been dissolved. Add 
balance of water, and it is ready for use. Only best quality of fresh lime should be 
used. This mixture should be applied while fresh, and only on dormant trees, to kill San 
Jose scale insect. 
BORDEAUX MIXTURE. 4 lbs. copper sulphate, 4 lbs. fresh lime, 40 to 50 gals, water. 
Dissolve the copper sulphate in hot water, or from a coarse bag suspended in cold water; 
slake the lime separately. Dilute the former to about 20 gals., into which pour the lime 
diluted to about 10 gals., stirring the mixture; dilute further to fonn the 40 or 50 gallons. 
Stock solutions of the copper sulphate or lime, rate 1 lb. to 1 gal. water, can be kept in- 
definitely. Bordeaux Mixture is for fungous diseases, and by adding Paris Green to it, it 
can be made a remedy for both fungus and insects. 3 ounces of Paris Green to the 
barrel is enough, The Bordeaux Mixture, when used on such plants and trees as the 
peach and Jai)anese plum, should only be used about half the above strength, as the 
foliage is injured by the stronger mixture. 
y , Madison, Wis., February 5, 1907. 
Last year on our farm at Wallingford, Connecticut, we planted some 4,000 peach trees, 
purchased from you. Not over half a dozen failed to grow. The trees were clean, thrifty 
and all right. We congratulate you on the high quality of your nursery product. 
Very respectfully, 
W. A. Henry & Son. 
per W. A. Henry 
Prof. W. A. Henky is Dean of the College of Agriculture University of Wisconsin and 
Director of the Wisconsin Experiment Station. 
