1908] 
Jackson, List of Wisconsin Mammals. 
16 
it is because of inefficient protection from wolves and law-break- 
ers. Venison is the chief food of wolves during the winter months, 
and in the northern third of the state it is the principal meat of a 
large number of the rural population during the summer. With 
proper protection from these two evils, there is no reason why deer 
should materially decrease. 
Deer are found rarely in the whole region west and north of 
the Wisconsin River, becoming gradually more plentiful towards 
the north. During very severe winters they occasionally wander 
to the southern tier of counties. East of the Wisconsin River they 
occur in Adams, Waushara and Outagamie Counties, thence 
northward. 
Cervus canadensis (Erxleben.) 
American Elk ; Wapiti. 
The elk is without doubt now extinct in Wisconsin, but cast- 
of¥ antlers scattered throughout the lakes, marshes and woods of 
northern Wisconsin attest of its former occurrence there. I have 
examined antlers of Cervus canadensis found in Ashland and Iron 
Counties. 
Sciurus carolinensis hypophaeus Merriam. 
Merriam's Squirrel. 
The exact distribution of Sciurus c. hypophwus in the state has 
not yet been satisfactorily determined. In many localities it is 
'quite common, being partial to heavy timber near water, often in 
company with Sciurus c. leucotis. It is found locally in a narrow 
rectangular stretch of country extending northwesterly from 
Racine and Waukesha Counties on the south to Dunn County on 
the north. This squirrel probably occurs in many other parts of 
the state but I know of no specimens taken outside of the area 
above described. 
Sciurus carolinensis leucotis (Gapper). 
Northern Gray Squirrel. 
The relative abundance of the gray squirrel seems to vary with 
the abundance of hickory nuts. In years when nuts are plentiful 
