THE AMERICAN BOTANIST. 
87 
times a row of three or four will be found on the same twig. 
Another one common on willows is the club gall {Ceci- 
dowyia rigidae) which is an enlargment of the stem taper- 
ing to a point. It usualh' has several small terminal buds 
gro\Ying from it. The pine cone gall {Cecidomyia strobi- 
loides) is a conspicuous object on low willows after the 
leaves have fallen. It is about an inch in diameter com- 
posed of man3' imbricated leaves in the form of a cone. I 
am told that this gall was once considered a characteristic 
of the plant and the willow received a specific name in 
consequence. It is now known that these galls occur on 
several kinds of low willow. The willow galls, if cut open, 
will be found to contain a bright colored maggot. That 
of the egg gall being pink and that of the club gall a dark 
red. 
Onh- a few of the more common galls have been men- 
tioned here. They may be looked for on the basswood, 
elm, poplar, ash, alder, witch hazel, sumac, hickory-, honey 
locust, wild cherrv, grape, tulip tree, hackberry, huckle- 
berry, wild lettuce and touch-me-not. In fact over eighty 
different galls are known to occur in the eastern part of 
this country. 
TROPICAL FRUITS. 
YWTrRE is at her best in the tropics. It is here that 
' ^ vegetation grows most luxuriantly, that the flowers 
reach their greatest size and most brilliant coloring, and 
that the fruits develop the most unusual shapes, odors 
and flavors. With some of these fruits, such as the fig, date, 
pineapple, orange, lemon, lime and banana we are so 
familiar that wema\' +ali into the error of supposing that 
in the warmer parts of the world; on the contrarj^ the fruits 
are as abundant and as varied as the flowers, and many 
of them are certain to prove palatable to people of more 
temperate regions, but their perishable nature prevents 
