102 
THE AMERICAN BOTANIST. 
hedges.^ The rose figured in early classical ornamentation, 
ery and placed upon the statues of the gods or hung 
about the altars. To-da_v in the temple of Vesta at Tri- 
voli may be seen a freize ornamented \yith bull heads, and 
garlands and festoons of roses. The heads of the animals 
offered in sacrifice were crowned with the flower sacred to 
whom the oflfering was made. 
How appropriate are flowers as memorials to our dead . 
Each year they renew their bloom and scatter seeds for 
generations unknown. Indeed, the name Artemisia, given 
by King Mausolus to the flowers bearing his Queen's 
name shall outlast the Mausoleum of Cairo — one of the 
seven wonders of the world erected to Mausolus' memory 
by the Queen. 
The Artemisias and Chrysanthemums are among the 
and often grows along our roadside lanes, it having 
wandered thence from old garden enclosures. The ancient 
this plant's bitterness; and it is known to-day as Arte- 
misia absynthium. These plants are closely allied to our 
popular chrysanthemums, originally known as mugworts. 
Such bitter or aromatic plants were used to preserve the 
flavor ot beer and other beverages, and many spicy leaves 
are still employed as mugworts. Pliny mentions the 
Artemisia especially among the mugworts of the ancients, 
and states that it was named in honor of the Queen of 
Mausolus, King of Cairo. Before the King's day they 
were known as Parf/jen/s— virginal. Others held that 
they w-ere named in honor of Diana, whose ancient name 
was Artemis, the superior goddess raling over suffering 
womanhood, and for this reason the white poppy from 
which opium is derived was sacred in her temple. Our 
American Sol Indiamis, the "Golden-flower-of-Perrow," 
found in the West Indies, was the original title of the chry- 
santhemums, and comes from Sol the ancient name of 
