THE AMERICAN BOTANIST. 
ical flowers of Dicotyledons. In many species we may still 
find traces of the bract that enfolds the flowers of the lower 
Monocotyledon orders, as in the Amarydlids, where the 
flower buds are often enclosed in such a bract. In the Jap- 
anese species of Rhodea the small flowers are borne on a 
spadix not unlike that of some Arums. Mention should be 
made, also, of the peculiar outgrowths from the perianth 
of various Amaryllid^, as in the narcissus and jonquil, 
In general, the flowers of this order are large, and by 
their color, nectar and perfume indicate that they are polli- 
nated by insects. Nectar is secreted at the base of the ovary 
or in special grooves lengthwise of the perianth segments. 
In the majority the flowers are regular and the nectar ac- 
cessible to a variety of insects, but in the r ta 1 i id 
many of the Amar>dlids the flowers are zygomorphic and 
adapted to certain insects only. In connection with one of 
the Amaryllids, a most remarkable case of symbiosis with 
an msect has sprung up, in which a moth (Proiiuba) lavs 
its eggs in the seed capsule of the yucca, and then to insure 
that the young seeds will develop and form, food for its 
lap.-re, delil>erately gathers the pollen and places it on the 
stigmas. Only a few of the seeds form food for the larvre. 
the rest maturing. It is said that in regions from which 
this moth is absent the yucca does not mature its seeds. 
The irises, also, show great specialization for cross-poll ina- 
ti.-n, and by an arrangement of stigma, style and sepal 
manage to secure the attention of insects in just the right 
wa)' to effect these ends. On the other hand, the rushes 
are practically all wind pollinated and are therefore actino- 
trh-'nmk. -^mall and dull in color. Among the lilyworts we 
find a large number of delightful perfumes, but' there are 
ot,ier members of the order, for example, the carrion flower 
( Snulax) ^nd some of the triiliums, whose odors can be de- 
