Ferns of British India and Ceylon. 151 
Localities much the same as falcatum. Mr. Clarke sa}s not 
in Ceylonj, but I have gathered many specimens there. 
19. AsPLENiUM CAUDATUM. {Forst.) As in falcatum, but the 
sori generally confined to two parallel rows close to the midrib, or 
with a few other short obHque sori. Forsf. Frod. p. 80. Hook. Syn. 
Fil. p. 209. Aspl. contiguum, Bedd. F S. I. t. 140. Probably only 
a variety of falcatum. 
S. India, on the Western mountains ; Ceylon ; Malay Peninsula. 
(Also in Australia, Afirica, and Brazil.) 
20. AsPLENiUM Gardneri. {Baker.) Rhizome short, creep- 
ing; stipes grey, 2-6 inches with a few scattered small scales ; fronds 
lanceolate, ^-i foot long, 3-5 inches broad, often gemmiparous ; 
rachis not winged ; pinnae 8-10 pair, distinct, ascending, lanceolate, 
short-stalked, acute, central ones 2-3 inches long inch broad, 
toothed, square on the upper side, cuneate on the lower side at the base ; 
veins erect-patent, forked, moderately close ; sori regular, parallel, 
\-\ inch long. Hook. Syfi. Fil. p. 485. Bedd. Suppl. Ferns, t. 355. 
Closely allied to inacrophyllnm^ and probably only a variety of 
it. I have specimens from North India ( not gemmiparous ), which I 
do not know zvhether to refer to this or to macrophyllum. My Ceylon 
specimens are all gejnmiparous, and the texture is generally thinner 
and the veins further apart. 
Ceylon ; Khasya Mountains, Umwai, 3,000 feet elevation. 
21. AsPLENiUM PARADOXUM. [Blumc.) Stipe firm, crcct, grey, 
slightly scaly ; fronds 1-2 feet long, with a large oblong-rhomboidal 
terminal pinna, and 8-12 lateral ones on each side, the lowest of 
which are 5-6 inches long, i-ii inches broad, the apex acuminate 
and slightly toothed, the two sides unequal, the upper one narrowed 
suddenly almost at a right angle, the lower obliquely cuneate ; 
texture coriaceous ; rachis firm, erect, compressed, rather scaly ; 
veins obscure, very oblique, usually once forked ; sori reaching nearly 
from the midrib to the margin. Bl. Fil.Jav. 179. Hook. Syn. Fil. p. 
209. Aspl. zamioides, Hook. Sp. Fil. in. p. 114. Bedd. F. B. I. t. 193. 
Penang. The compressed rachis and short broader almost entire 
