LAKE-SHORE VEGETATION IN NORTH-CENTRAL COLORADO 7 1 
Gentianaceae 
Campanulaceae 
Amarella monantha (8) 
Amarella plebeja (7) 
Amarella strictiflora (7, 8) 
Chondrophylla Fremontii (8) 
Dasystephana Parryi (6) 
Dasystephana Romanzovii (6, 7) 
Pleurogyne fontana (8) 
Swertia scopulina (8, 9) 
Campanula petiolata (5, 6, 7) 
Carduaceae 
Castilleja conjusa (6) 
Castilleja lauta (7) 
Elephantella groenlandica (8) 
Pedicularis Grayi (6) 
Pedicularis Parryi (6, 7) 
Pedicularis racemosa (5, 6) 
Pentstemon stenosepalus (6) 
Veronica Wormskjoldii (8) 
Scrophulariaceae 
Achillea lanulosa (5, 6, 7) 
Antennaria umhrinella (6) 
Arnica ful gens (6) 
Arnica Parryi (6) 
Arnica subplumosa (6) 
Artemisia saxicola (6) 
Artemisia scopulorum (6) 
Erigeron salsuginosus (6, 7) 
Oreochrysum Parryi (5, 6) 
Senecio hlitoides (6) 
Senecio crassulus (6, 7) 
Cichoriaceae 
Agoseris glauca (5, 6) 
Hieracium gracile (6) 
Seasonal Aspects 
The growing period of subalpine lake-shore vegetation may be separated 
(9) into three seasons: vernal (May 15 to July i), estival (July i to August 
15), autumnal (August 15 to October i). 
During the vernal period there are few lake-shore plants in bloom. 
About June i or a little later the willow catkins appear. The brown of 
winter continues, especially at higher altitudes, until the middle of June. 
There are still large snowdrifts in the forest and often some in the open. 
It must not be thought that there is no fresh vegetation in the subalpine 
zone at this time. A number of xerophytic plants of ridges and dry slopes 
and forest openings are in bloom, but these do not belong to our present 
study. Of lake-shore plants, in addition to the willows already mentioned, 
the spring bloomers are Caltha, Trollius, Viola bellidifolia, V. palustris, 
Thlaspi Nuttallii, Draba Parryi. Caltha and Trollius, on account of their 
abundance and their showy flowers, are the conspicuous plants of the 
spring season. 
During the estival period the great majority of lake-shore plants come 
into blossom. Many o,f the sedges are rather early; grasses are somewhat 
later. The spring flowers continue for a time but are soon overshadowed 
by the abundance and brilliancy of the summer bloomers. In the moor 
there are Clementsia, Dodecatheon, Elephantella, Dasiphora, Swertia, 
and Senecio. Among meadow and heath plants may be mentioned the 
Castillejas, the Arnicas, Potentilla diversifolia, Kalmia, Campanula, Erigeron 
salsuginosus, Hieracium gracile. 
