UPWARD TRANSLOCATION OF FOODS IN WOODY PLANTS II3 
had disappeared. In the checks, on the other hand, the starch had not 
all disappeared at the time the data of table 9 were taken. Later, however, 
as the shoot growth neared completion, starch disappeared from the checks 
also. It is evident that, when the stem is not ringed, a shoot does not 
first deplete the starch in its immediate neighborhood, but the starch for 
some distance is reduced rather uniformly. 
Table 10. Acer saccharum. Ringed April 7, iQig. 
Ringed in middle of first year's growth 
Growth in Mm. by May u 
Notes 
Ringed 
Branch 
Corresponding 
Branch Not 
Ringed 
I . . . 
2 . . . 
4... 
5..- 
6... 
10 
20 
10 
15 
12 
15 
55 
35 
•80 
90 
90 
55 
May II, nos. i, 4, and 5 and their corresponding check twigs 
were cut and tested for starch. 
Above ring: In each case no trace of starch present above the 
ring; neither directly under the terminal node, in the middle 
internode, nor in the basal internode. 
Below ring: Starch present in each case in the primary xylem 
and in the medullary rays in all parts below the rings. 
Within the ring: Starch present as below the ring. 
Check: Starch present in each stem in the primary xylem 
and in the medullary rays in all parts corresponding to those 
tested in the ringed stems. 
May 16, all starch had disappeared from check stems as well 
as from the ringed ones. 
Ave. 
137 
67.5 
Ringed at base of first year's growth. 
Growth in Mm. by May 11 
Growth in Mm. by May 24 
Notes 
Ringed 
Branch 
Corresponding 
Branch Not 
Ringed 
Ringed 
Branch 
Corresponding 
Branch Not 
Ringed 
1 . . . 
2 . . . 
3..- 
4... 
5... 
45 
45 
50 
45 
35 
80 
80 
80 
90 
55 
65 
75 
85 
80 
205 
180 
210 
240 
May II, no. 4 and its corresponding 
check were cut and tested for starch. 
Above ring: No trace of starch in 
any part. 
Below ring: Starch present in pri- 
mary xylem and in medullary rays. 
Within ring: Starch in primary xy- 
lem and in medullary rays. 
Check: Starch in primary xylem and 
in medullary rays in all regions corres- 
ponding to those tested in the ringed 
stems. 
Ave. 
44.0 
77.0 
76.3 
208.8 
The sugar maple is commonly cited as an example of a tree that transfers 
its carbohydrates upward through the xylem. The trees were bleeding 
freely at the time the ringing was done, yet practically no translocation of 
carbohydrates occurred longitudinally through the xylem. 
Very similar results were obtained with the pear, Pyrus communis, and 
the beech, Fagus grandifoUa. In both, the nearer the ring was to the tip, 
the less was the growth and the sooner did the starch disappear above the 
ring. The measurements for the beech are given in table 11 and a photo- 
graph of series no. 2 in figure 3. 
