Note on the Ancient Human Shull-remains from the Transvaal. 7 
Although the temporal bone is not actually in continuation with the 
calvaria, an approximately exact position for it can be obtained from the use 
of a cast of the skull taken ])efore development. Placing the temporal in 
the most anterior position possible, and doubling the half of the pre- 
auricular curve thus obtained, we get a minimum figure for the horizontal 
pre-auricular curve of nearly 280 mm. This places the auditory meatus as 
far from the front of the skull as in the Cro-Magnon skull and the large 
skull of La Grrotte des Enfants. Similarly, taking into due account the 
probable amount missing from the squamous wings of the parietal and 
temporal, we obtain a total sur-auricular curve of approximately 340 mm., a 
number which also bears comparison with those of the various Cro-Magnon 
skulls. 
Parietal Bone. — The nature of the parietal bosses and of the very 
striking median depression between them have already been indicated. The 
parietal length is about 139 mm., somewhat greater than that of the Cro- 
Magnon man. The median depression is liroadest at the level of the 
parietal foramina and disappears at the top of the skull and at the 
lambda. 
Most of the temporal ridge is missing, but on the remaining part of the 
parietal it is not well-marked. The l)one is thick. Near the posterior 
inferior angle it has a thickness of 7 mm., at the parietal boss one of 
13-14 mm., and at the obelion one of 10-5 mm. The lower border is not 
present. 
A study of the figures of various median profiles given will bring out 
more clearly the relations of this skull to those of other known groups with 
which it might ])e thought to have affinity. Owing to the fragmentary 
nature of the remains it has been impossible to use the Frankfort base-line 
for comparison, or even the line glabella-inion. The line glabella-lambda, 
however, which has been taken, gives fairly satisfactory results, especially as 
it is possible to continue the profile of the skull beyond the lambda. It can 
be seen that, although the parietal part of the skull in its slope has some 
affinity with the Neanderthal type, any real resemblance between the two is 
non-existent. The Boskop skull shows none of the flattening of the top of 
the cranium, none of the retreating forehead, and nothing of the tremendous 
brow-ridges which are all such striking characteristics of the Neanderthal 
type. 
The greatest amount of similarity is shown to the Bantu type and to 
the Cro-Magnon type. The shape of the forehead and of the front half of 
the head is almost paralleled in a number of Bantu skulls, of which the 
median profiles of two are presented. In no Bantu skull in the South 
African Museum collection, however, is there the degree of flattening and 
'elongation of the posterior portion such as is seen in the Boskop skull. 
This feature is paralleled l)y the Cro-Magnon type which, save that it has a 
