6 
Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 
had a depth of about 10 mm. It is not placed symmetrically in the skull 
as preserved, the right frontal fossa being considerably wider and larger 
than the left because of the oblique direction which the crista frontis 
follows. 
Of the orbital plates only the outer portion of the right plate is preserved. 
This has been slightly bent downwards and forwards posthumously so that 
the orbit appears to have a less volume than the true one. 
The total length of the frontal curve was probably nearly 150 mm. As 
pointed out previously, it is in the width across the forehead and in the straight 
— even slightly concave — sides of the f rontals as seen in norma verticalis that 
the calvaria differs from the Cro-Magnon type. 
Temporal Bone. — The right temporal bone is preserved, lacking the upper 
part of the squamous wing which articulates with the parietal. 
The mastoid apophysis is feebly developed as in the man of La Chapelle- 
aux-Saints, but is well detached and projects outwards. The posterior border 
is peculiar in that it is excavated above, so that the upper half of the 
digastric groove is fully exposed in norma lateralis. In the Cro-Magnon 
type the mastoid process is more fully developed. 
The auriculo-mastoidean height is between 27 mm. and 28 mm. This is 
greater than that of the man of La Chapelle, but less than the minimum 
observed in modern races, and less than that of the type of Cro-Magnon. 
The digastric groove is straight and very deep — deeper, wider, and more 
horizontal than in the skull of La Chapelle. The petrous region is well 
developed. 
The glenoid cavity is shallow and comparatively wide, both the articular 
eminence and the post-glenoid process being of low inclination, although 
the latter is very clearly defined. The cavity is by no means as wide as that 
of the La Chapelle skull. In the Cro-Magnon skull (No. 1) the cavity is 
vei'y much deeper, and the post-glenoid process is very much stronger and 
of steeper inclination. 
Perhaps the most striking feature of the bone is the length and strength 
of the supra-mastoid ridge. Above the external auditory meatus it is low, 
but behind this it becomes much stronger, and is still broad and well- 
marked at the suture with the parietal. 
A study of this bone, then, leads to results which seem to be somewhat 
inconsistent with those obtained from the skull-cap alone. All its features 
seem to point to a pithecoid morphology comparable with that of Homo 
neanderthalensis as exhibited in the skull of La Chapelle, while the skull- 
cap is comparable with the Negroid and Bantu types. The smallness of the 
mastoid process may point to the remnant being that of a female, but such 
an explanation is insufficient to account for all its features ; for example, the 
strength of the supra-mastoid ridge is insisted upon by several writers as 
being one of the characteristics of a degraded type of skull. 
