Feb., 1921] 
THOM AND CHURCH — ASPERGILLUS 
107 
effect when viewed with low magnification, varying in size, predominantly 
larger than A. flavus, 3 by 4 m, 4 by 5 /x, 5 by 6 ju, 6 by 7 m» occasionally 
5 to 6 by 8 to 10 
This description is primarily based upon culture no. 113 from Amsterdam. 
The same form has been isolated at various times from fermented products 
(once from a Brazil nut), and received in exchange from various workers. 
A series of 3 varieties were first studied by Takahashi^^ in 1908. This work 
was continued with the accumulation of a series of strains under this name 
which have been furnished to us for study. These are lettered^^ with the 
alphabet from A to P, then skip to Z, and all are regarded as A. oryzae. 
These cultures were transferred and grown under conditions as uniform 
as possible in Czapek's solution agar. The resulting colonies were arranged 
into a series to correspond with our conception of the relationships involved. 
This may be tabulated as follows: 
Takahashi strains arranged in order of appearance of colonies: 
H. White, nearly sterile, floccose mycelium. 
O. Slight fruiting, predominantly yellow. 
B. Increase of fruiting, still a floccose colony. Near A. giganto-sul- 
phureus. 
G. Further development of fruit at expense of floccosity. 
Z. Long stalks, large heads, floccose effect. 
D. Mycelium and long-stalked fruits, both evident. 
N. Abundant stalks and heads, no green color. Near A. perniciosus. 
F. Close resemblance to no. 113, A. oryzae of Wehmer. 
I. Short-stalked, form otherwise near no. 113. 
A. Still shorter. 
M. Same morphology, green color more prominent. 
L. SHghtly paler form with shorter stalks. 
C. Close to no. 108, A. flavus of Brefeld and Wehmer. 
P. Shorter stalks (crowded ; more slender type), green passing to reddish 
brown. Near^l. micro-virido-citrinus. 
J. 1 r suggesting the same line of transformation from 
K. > Aberrant forms strain C as is found in A. effusus, though dif- 
E. J [ fering from previously examined representatives. 
Similarly, Z, G, B, O, and H are progressive reductions from the A. oryzae 
type found in strain F. 
This table shows strain F to represent approximately the form already 
described as A. oryzae (no. 113). With almost entire loss of green color and 
progressively increasing floccosity, strains N, D, G, B, O, and H end at H in 
almost complete loss of conidium production. The absence of all green color 
" Loc. cit. 
The lettering is maintained to correspond with Dr. Takahashi 's usage in his own 
papers. Takahashi, T., and Yamamoto, T. On the physiological differences of the varie- 
ties of Aspergillus oryzae employed in the three main industries in Japan, namely sake, 
shoyu, and tamari manufacture. Jour. Coll. Agr. Tokyo 5: 153-161. 1913. 
