Feb., 1921] 
THOM AND CHURCH— ASPERGILLUS 
109 
(no. 129), and once contributed by Hanzawa from Japan. This form in 
culture is citron green to lime green (Ridgway XXXI. 25"). It has short, 
crowded stalks like A. fumigatiis with small heads, with mostly a single 
series of sterigmata and conidia predominantly small, 3 to 4 few reaching 
5 to 7 /X in diameter. 
A . parasiticus Speare. Speare^^, working in Honolulu, found one of these 
forms parasitic upon the mealy bug of sugar cane (Pseudococcus calceolariae 
Mask), and described his strain as A. parasiticus. A culture with the 
same characters was isolated by one of us from mealy bugs obtained from 
Demerara; another culture was isolated from cane sugar in New Orleans 
by Kopeloff. However, other strains of the flavus group were isolated by 
Johnston^^ from mealy bugs in Porto Rico; reinfection experiments by 
Johnston, while not conclusive, established a presumption of infectiousness 
as a strain or- race character unconnected with the specific morphology of 
Speare's A. parasiticus. 
Speare's organism when grown on Czapek's solution agar differs from 
the commoner forms of A. flavus in its predominantly greener color (near 
ivy green Ridgway XXXI. 2^" m), in short stalks usually 200 to 400 long, 
in heads with usually a single series of sterigmata 7 to 10 />t long by 3 to 5 ijl. 
No sclerotia have been seen. The mycelium is uncolored. Otherwise the 
characters are those of the A. flavus group. 
A. effusus Tiraboschi.22 Cultures of a cottony, floccose type have been 
obtained from widely separated sources (no. 130 from Dr. B. F. Lutman, 
Burlington, Vermont; no. Sc. 171 in corn meal from Indiana; no. 2750 
isolated by Johnston from mealy bugs in Porto Rico). Superficially these 
cultures show little relation to A. flavus. Microscopic examination of 
heads and spores, however, shows close relationships. 
Characterization of A. efl'usus: Colonies on Czapek's solution agar with 
sucrose, broadly spreading, effused floccose, or cottony, white becoming 
slowly dirty yellowish or in restricted areas greenish yellow; reverse and 
agar yellowish. Stalks either A. flavus-Yik.^ arising directly from the sub- 
stratum, up to 500 At long and frequently with large radiate heads, or pre- 
dominantly in the form of branching, trailing, thick-walled hyphae, each 
segment consisting of a long, thick-walled, fertile cell bearing a perpendicular 
branch (stalk) usually less than 100 /x long by 5 to 10 in diameter, with 
walls pitted and sometimes granuliferous, bearing usually columnar heads; 
vesicles in small heads up to 20 /x in diameter, occasionally larger, sterigmata 
in one series, 6 to 10 by 3 to 5 ju, mostly on apex only of vesicle; larger 
heads with either simple or branched sterigmata as in ^. flavus. Conidia 
pitted as in ^. flavus, pale yellow, rather thin-walled, pyriform to globose, 
varying in size in the same culture from 3 by 4 ^ to 5 by 7 11. Neither 
Speare, A. T. Fungi parasitic upon insects injurious to sugar cane. Hawaiian 
Sugar Planters Exp. Sta. Path, and Phys. Ser. Bull. 12: 30. 1912. 
Loc. cit., p. 15. 
Tiraboschi, C. Atti Terzo Congresso Pellagrologico Italiano, p. 142. Milano, 1906; 
diagnosis in Annali di Botanica 7: 16. 1908. 
