Feb., 1921] 
THOM AND CHURCH — ASPERGILLUS 
colored yellow; stalks 2 to 3 mm. or up to 5 mm. long, commonly 10 to 12 /x 
or sometimes up to 25 ix in diameter, inconspicuously i- to 2-septate, with 
walls colorless, up to 4 // in thickness, and smooth, often studded with 
droplets in young cultures, enlarged at tips to vesicles widely varying up to 
80 iJL in diameter; heads large, yellow to brown, stellate (or globose fig. i, f) ; 
sterigmata usually in two series, primary varying greatly, 6 to 8, occasionally 
to 15 ,u by 3 to 5 }i, in extreme cases up to 60 /.t by 8 to 10 /x; secondary 6 to 
8 by 3 At (a single series is recorded by Wehmer 15 by 4 /i). Conidia pyriform 
to globose, usually about 4 by 5 less commonly up to 5 to 5.5 /x by 5 to 6 /x 
(4.2 to 5.6 At, Wehmer), with walls thickened to leave pits or furrows on the 
surface arranged roughly lengthwise of the spore chain, frequently appearing 
smooth or nearly so with low magnifications, commonly more or less plas- 
molyzed when treated with 95 percent alcohol. 
Perithecia not found. Sclerbtia limited to more or less undefined masses 
of thick-walled cells occurring occasionally, not uniformly. Cultural 
optimum below 37° C. in all strains tested. Gelatin liquefied in cultures, 
both with and without sugar. 
The Java culture originally sent by Went to Wehmer was used in rice and 
soy fermentation on that island by Chinese workmen. The strains since 
found resemble the Amsterdam strain in their range of color changes, 
smooth, thick-walled stalks without pits, stellate heads, double sterigmata, 
and in the A.flavus-\ik& marking of the conidial wall. The mass of sterile 
mycelium above the colony in typical test-tube cultures of the organism, as 
described by W^ehmer, is present in the Amsterdam strain, but lacking or only 
partially or occasionally present in some of the strains. This overgrowth of 
mycelial masses with fruiting at several levels through a considerable period 
becomes more prominent upon potato plugs. A gradation from the type 
strain of Wehmer to those lacking this character in Czapek solution agar 
cultures, combined with the common structural characters cited, justifies 
the extension of our idea of A. Wentii to include these forms at least as 
varieties of a widespread natural group. 
Inui^^ described A. perniciosus as found in awamori-koji without giving 
details of stalk and spore markings but comparing the stalks with those of 
A . Wentii and A . luchuensis both of which we have in culture. A . perniciostis 
belongs probably in the group with A. flaviis and A. oryzae on account 
of the data given as to color and habit, which correspond to certain of the 
variant strains contributed by Dr. Takahashi. 
A. TAMARI AND AlLIES 
A second brown series of forms is more closely associated in occurrence 
and in habit with A. flavus and its allies than is ^. Wentii. Many cultures 
in this series have been obtained in forage and feeding stuffs, from the 
Oriental soy fermentations, upon food, in soil, and growing as laboratory 
contaminations. Cultures have been thus obtained from China, Japan, 
Inui, T. Jour. CoU. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 15: 473. 1901. 
