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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 
[Vol. 8 
and South America as well as from many points in the United States. 
These brown forms are characterized by absence of true green in color, by 
stalks prominently pitted especially toward the apex, and by conidia 
tuberculate at the distal end in the chain, rough, showing on detailed 
examination firm, fairly thick, and not pitted inner walls, thin, vesicular 
outer walls fitting rather loosely over masses of branching, more or less 
irregularly-arranged bars of yellow-brown substance. In size of colony, 
habit, and appearance aside from color, these forms resemble A. flavus. 
In the markings of conidia they suggest A. niger. 
Characterization of A. tamari Kita (from our culture no. 4235. I-2). 
Colonies on Czapek's solution agar with cane sugar spreading broadly, 
with vegetative hyphae mostly submerged, with fruiting areas at first 
colorless, then passing through orange-yellow shades to brown in old 
colonies (variously Isabella color, light brownish olive, buffy citrine, medal 
bronze, or raw umber. Ridgway loc. cit., column 19, Plates XXX, XVI, 
IV, and column 17, Plate III), not showing true green; reverse uncolored or 
occasionally pinkish; stalks arising from submerged hyphae, up to i to 2 
mm. in length, becoming several millimeters in length upon corn or other 
concentrated media, 10 to 20 11 in diameter, increasing in diameter toward 
the apex and passing rather abruptly into vesicles, with walls rather thick, 
I to 2 /X, becoming abruptly thinner at the base of the vesicle, pitted more 
prominently in upper than lower half (often appearing as rough or echinulate 
with low magnifications) and frequently showing irregular thickenings 
within ; vesicles 25 to 50 fi in diameter with fairly thin walls which frequently 
crush in mounts; heads varying greatly in size in the same fruiting area, 
from more or less columnar to nearly but not completely globose (fig. I, a,b, 
and e), and up to 350 ^ in diameter, with radiating chains and columns of 
conidia; sterigmata, one series in small heads, two series in large heads, 
primary commonly 7 to 10 by 3 to 4 ju, becoming 20 to 35 /x long in gigantic 
heads upon corn; secondary 7 to 10 by 3 m; conidia more or less pyriform 
toward globose, tuberculate especially at the distal end in the chain, 5, 6, 
occasionally up to 8 ^ in diameter, rough from prominent masses and bars 
of orange-yellow coloring matter deposited under the loose outer wall upon 
the firm inner wall. Sclerotia occasionally produced. 
These forms are widely distributed and resemble A . Wentii in color but 
have the gross morphology and habits of A. flavus. Their conidia show 
color bars resembling those of A . niger in formation and in solubility in water. 
In examining the exsiccati, collections have been repeatedly found upon 
corn grains {Zea Mays) with the color and conidial markings of A. tamari, 
but with long stalks whose thick walls obscured the pitting except close to 
the head and with primary sterigmata 20 to 30 by 5 to 6 and larger 
conidia. Cultures from another strain (S3 from sardine paste) when 
grown upon Czapek's solution agar showed vesicles about 35 11 in diameter, 
primary sterigmata 8 to 14 by 3 to 5 //, and conidia 5 to 6 in long axis. 
When grown in unsterilized, clean corn for two weeks, this organism showed 
vesicles 100 )u in diameter, primary sterigmata 25 to 35 by 5 to 9 /x, and 
conidia 8 to 9 in long axis. The secondary sterigmata seem to vary much 
