Oct., 192 1 ] BECHTEL — FLORAL ANATOMY OF URTICALES 393 
The carpel supply duplicates that of the above named species. Figures 
9 and 10 in Plate XVII and figures i and 2 in Plate XVIII are from a 
flower with three carpels developed. This may be looked upon as an 
abnormality, yet this extra carpel is a character parallel with the seven 
aborted bundles (PI. XVII, fig. 9, d) alternating with the perianth traces 
instead of the five or three abortive bundles in flowers which have the usual 
two carpels. This flower has also three abortive bundles in the perianth 
(PI. XVII, figs. 9, 10; PI. XVIII, figs. I, 2, X, x\ x^) which have been 
considered above as petal traces instead of two or no such traces in the 
bicarpellate flower. 
Celtis occidentalis L. reveals a symmetry of 6 or 5; any other rarely 
occurs. A unique flower was found with seven perianth lobes and five 
stamens. This was selected to figure on Plate XVI 1 1 . The pedicel as it passes 
into the flower presents a stele that organizes itself into anterior and posterior 
sections (PL XVIII, figs. 4-6). From both of these sections bulky strands 
pass out, and each of the latter separates into two strands passing to the 
perianth lobe and to the stamen respectively (fig. 3, h\ figs. 6, 7, m, n). 
This common origin of the vascular supply of the perianth and stamens 
and the persistence of this condition for a short distance is a new feature 
in the Ulmaceae. In addition to this is the unusual origin of the ovule 
supply. This arises distinctly from the dorsal carpellary strand of the 
anterior carpel and passes towards the posterior side of the pistil upward 
into the pendulous ovule (figs. 3, 8-1 1, 0). The two lateral strands (figs. 
9-12, o\ 0^) pass up separately and vanish at the base of the styles. The 
course of these lateral strands is very different from that of the lateral 
strands in the Ulmus pistil where the lateral strands approach and join to 
form the ovule supply (PI. XVI, figs. 17, 18, 0). Also branches from the 
ovule-bearing strands in Ulmus continue in the inner lateral edges of the 
styles, but in Celtis there are no branches from the ovule-bearing strand. 
In this respect the ovule-bearing strand of Celtis is similar to that of the 
remaining species of the Urticales studied. The lateral strands of the pistil 
of Ulmus are, therefore, not homologous with those of the pistil of Celtis 
although they apparently originate in the same manner. In Ulmus they are 
the placental supply, but in Celtis they may be regarded as abortive, dorsal, 
carpellary bundles of suppressed carpels. The placental supply in Celtis 
arises distinctly from the anterior carpel supply. Evidently reduction in 
the gynoecium of Ulmus has proceeded to a much greater degree than in 
Celtis. In Ulmus the placental supply has apparently lost connection with 
the carpel supply and arises from the axis of the flower (see discussion, p. 404). 
The staminate flower of Celtis possesses an abortive pistil, a miniature 
of the pistil in the hermaphroditic flower, except that the lateral bundles 
in the pistil (figs. 9-12, o\ and 0^ above) are not present. The dorsal 
carpellary bundles of the abortive pistil continue into the two styles. The 
posterior style is smaller and less succulent than the anterior style. Here is 
