232 
When the seedlings are about forty-five days old they are 
transplanted into clumps. According to the variety and time 
of planting, a clump v^ill consist of from three to nine seed- 
lings. The clumps are placed eight to ten inches apart in 
rows eight to ten inches apart, as is the Hawaiian practice. 
The main paddy fields, having been previously croppped 
to wheat or barley, which is harvested in the latter part of 
May, the ground is immediately plowed and harrowed either 
by hand or in a primitive way with the aid of animals. The 
fields are then manured. The following materials, in the 
quantities given, constitute one of the generally-adopted fer- 
tilizer applications recommended by the Fukuoka Station 
(see analyses) : 
GENERAL MANURE FOR PADDY FIELDS OF ONE TAN (about Vi 
acre). 
Kwan. 
N. 
P2O5. 
K 2 O. 
Compost Manure. . 1 
Green Manure — Soy beans or 200 
160 
0.800 
0.416 
1.00 
kwan genge 
100 
0.580 
0.080 
0.730 
Soy Bean Cake 
12 
0.840 
0.120 
0.240 
Superphosphate of Lime 
6 
0.900 
i 278 
1 2.220 
1 1.516 i 
1.978 
Special attention is called to this green manure fertiliza- 
tion, as it is one of the chief sources of nitrogen in Japanese 
rice cultivation. As indicated, the green manure may be de- 
rived from soy beans (Glycine hispida), or from Genge (Astraga- 
lus sinicus). A number of other plants, however, are utilized for 
green manure, especially the broad or Windsor bean ( Vida faba), 
and Burr clover (Medicago dcnticulata) . 
When Genge is used as a green manure, seed of it is sown 
among the rice a few weeks before harvest (September-No- 
vember), or immediately after the drawing off of the irriga- 
tion water. The seed has germinated by the time the rice is 
cut (usually in November), and the ])lants grow rapidly as 
soon as freed of shade. If refuse straw is available, a thin 
layer is scattered over the young plants as a mulch. By the 
end of May the plants have obtained their maximum growth 
and are ready to be turned under for the succeeding rice crop. 
A maximum yield is about twenty tons per acre, and twenty 
tons is sufficient to green manure five acres. With unfavor- 
able conditions, however, a crop may not be more than enough 
to manure the area upon which it is grown. When mature, 
the crop is harvested and distributed among the fields in 
proper amounts along with bean cake, compost, and some- 
times phosphates. The amount of each used and the propor- 
