( i8 ) 
* Turdus rufus. BuHds its nest of loose sticks, using no cement. In this respect, it agrees with the Turdus Poly- 
glottos, or Mocking-Bird, but differs from the Turdus migratorius, or Robin. This last uses a kind of mud or i 
mortar, in making its nest. 
* Ardea Nycticorax. The Ardea clamator of Bartram. Travels. 
* MotacHla Troo-lodytes ? This is the Motacilla palustris, or Regulus minor, of Bartram. Travels. In many re- 
spects this little bird agrees with the Motacilla Troglodytes of Linnseus : the Wren of the English. I am not| 
quite certain, whether they are not both the same species; but, I believe, they are different. Our bird constructs 
a very curious nest, resembling in shape a botrle, or pitcher. The materials which it makes ^se of are dry grass, 
amon- the Hving gi«ass of meadows. The Motacilla Troglodytes ? of which I am speaking, is a species of Certhia, 
or Creeper. It certainly belongs to the same genus as the Certhia familiaris mentioned below, and the Certhia : 
floridana, afterwards taken notice of. 
* Ardea virescens. Commonly called S e-Poke. 
* Certhia familiaris (mihi). I now suspect, that this is no other than the Certhia familiaris of Linnseus, the Euro-i 
pean Creeper of Pennant ; Le Grimpereau of Buffon. Mr. Pennant mentions this, as an inhabitant of North-|j 
.^erica,and tells us, that it is found in Sweden, "and never quits the country." t This to the American na- 
turalist, is an interesting fact ; for the Creeper is with us undoubtedly a bird of passage : a bird of passage, in 
a much milder climate than that in which it is a continual resident ! ! But many facts like this will be discovered in^ 
the progress of natural science. 
* Hirundo pelasgia. This is the Hirundo cerdo of Bartram. Travels. 
* Caprimulgus virginianus. This is the Wee-coo-Us of the Delaware-Indians. Although it feeds entirely upon insects, 
its flesh is said^to be delicious. I have been informed, that some of these birds have been found in a torpid state,,, 
in hollow trees, in Jersey. But I cannot entirely depend upon the fact ; and I have little hesitation in saving, 
that this bird, as well as the Swallows, to which it is alhed, is a bird of passage. For some notices concerning 
the superstitious opinions of our Indians respecting this bird, see my letter to Dr. Priestley, in the Transact^ 
of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. IV. 
* Lanius Tyrannus. This I rather consider as a species of Muscicapa. It may be called Muscicapa rex. It eats 
both insects and fruit. Is very destructive to bees, and to grapes. 
* Oriolus Baltimore. As far as I know, this is the only Pennsylvania bird that builds a pensile or hanging nest'i 
Mr. Pennant is mistaken in saying that the Oriolus phoeniceus, or Red- Wing Oriole, which I have already men-,^ 
tioned, buHds such a nest. ''The Red- Winged Orioles, (says he) build their nests in bushes, and among the reeds, 
in retired swamps, in form of a hang-nest ; leaving it suspended at so judicious a height, and by so wondrous art, 
instinct, that the highest floods never reach to destroy it." % Hernandez seems to have known this bird (the Red-^, 
Wing) very well. He describes it under the name of "Acolchichi, seu avis rubeorum humerorum." Pag. 
Cap. IV. 
* Muscicapa caroHnensis. This is the Lucar lividus of Bartram. Travels. This bird seems to be nearly allied to that 
tribe of birds which is called, by Edwards and Brisson, Manakin. Besides insects, it feeds on many sorts oi 
ripe fruit. 
* I'arus luteus. This is Bartram's name. Travels. Catesby has figured and described this bird under the name 
of Parus Carohnensis luteus, or the Yellow Titmouse. Page 63. Plate 63. I 
* Muscicapa fusca (Catesby). The Muscicapa cantatrix of Bartram. Travels. \ 
* Trochilus Colubris. I have not been able to learn that the IIumming-Bird winters in any, not even in th( 
warmest, parts of the United-States. I cannot hesitate to consider it as a bird of passage. A gentleman, how- 
t Arctic Zoology. Vol. I. P. 334. 
I Arctic Zoology. Vol. I. P. 300. 
