The Coccidae of South Africa. 
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SIGNIFICANCE OF TEEMS AS GENERALLY USED IN 
DESCRIPTIONS OF COCCIDAE. 
Adult : the stage when an insect is sexually mature and ready to reproduce normally. 
Anal lobes : or caudal lobes : a pair of prominent rounded or conical processes, situate one 
on each side of the anal opening as in the Pseudococcinae. 
Anal plates : a pair of small triangular processes forming a valve-like covering over the 
anal opening in the Lecaniinae . 
Anal ring : a chitinous ring encircling the anal opening. 
Antenna -ae : two, jointed, sensory organs, borne, one on each side of the head, commonly 
called " feelers." 
Antennal chart : a curve plotted to indicate the range of variation in the lengths of the 
antennal segments. 
Antennal formula : an enumeration of the antennal joints in the order of their length, 
beginning with the longest and bracketing together those of the same lengths. 
Anterior : in front. 
Apodema : a conspicuous transverse band of chitin crossing the thorax in front of the 
scutellum in the male. 
Apodous : without legs. 
Apterous : without wings. 
Article : a joint or segment. 
Atrophied : wasted away ; unfit for use. 
Canaliculate : channelled, longitudinally grooved, with a deeper concave line in the 
middle. 
Carina : a keel or ridge. 
Castaneous : chestnut-brown. 
Cauda : the tail ; any process resembling a tail. 
Caudal : pertaining to the posterior or anal extremity. 
Caudal process : the conical projection, or tail of Ceroplit>^te^ spp-, usually visible in the 
denuded insect only. 
Cephalic : belonging or attached to the head ; directed towards the head. 
Chitin : the material forming the hard parts of an insect's body. 
Chitinized : hardened by chitin. 
Cicatrix : a scar. 
Circumgenital glands : small circular glands with an excretory orifice at the tip, disposed 
in groups about the genital orifice in Diaxpinae. 
Coccineous : cochineal red. 
Common : of frequent occurrence. 
Conjunctiva : the membrane uniting the abdominal or antennal sclerites or segments. 
Conspicuous : striking ; easily seen at a glance. 
Costal margin : the anterior margin of a wing. 
Coxa -ae : the basal segment of the leg, by means of which it is joined to the body. 
Cribriform plates : densely chitinous pitted plates which occur on the dorsal surface of 
some of the Asterolecaniiuae. 
Denuded : naked ; refers to Coc3ids freed from their waxy coverings. 
Dermal : relating to the skin. 
Dermal glands : hypodermal unicellular glands which secrete was, setae, spines, etc. 
