The Coccidae of South Africa. 
71 
mm : = millimetre : 0*001 metre = 0 039 of an inch : roughly 25 mm. are counted to an 
inch in measuring insects. 
Mode : in tabulating measurements is that class which occurs most often. 
Moniliform : beaded like a necklace. 
Mucronate : terminating in a sharp point. 
Mycetom : that mass of tissue which contains symbiotic organisms. 
Oblong : longer than broad. 
Obovate : inversely egg-shaped ; the narrow end downwards. 
Ocelli : the simple eyes as opposed to compound eyes. 
Olivaceous : with a tinge of olive-green. 
Opaque : without lustre ; not transparent. 
Operculum : lid, cover, or covering flap ; generally used to denote the anal covering in the 
Lecaniinae. 
Ovum, Ova : an egg, eggs. 
Oviparous : egg-laying. 
Ovoviviparous : when young are produced by the adult ? from eggs which are hatched 
within her body. (In Coccidae such a ? is quite commonly spoken of as " vivi- 
parous "). 
Parastigmatic glands : small, circular glands sometimes present round the spiracles. 
Parthenogenesis : reproduction without intervention of a male. 
Pellicles : the exuviae or cast skins. More particularly applied to the hardened larval 
skins attached to the scale of the Diasjnnac. 
Piceous : pitchy black. 
Plates : the flattened, fimbriated or spine-like marginal processes of the pygidium in 
Diaspiime. 
Pore : any small round opening on the surface. 
Posterior : hinder or hindmost ; opposed to anterior. 
Process : a prolongation of the surface, margin or an appendage ; any prominent portion 
of the body not otherwise definable. 
Produced : drawn out, prolonged. 
Protuberance : any elevation above the surface. 
Proximal : that part of an appendage nearest the body ; opposed to distal. 
Pseudo- or pseud- : as a prefix means false, or merely resembling. 
Pupa : the intermediate stage between larva and adult. 
Puparium : as used for Coccidae refers (a) to the covering case of the male before it 
emerges as a winged insect, and {h) the covering scale formed by the 
Diaspinae. 
Pygidium : the compound terminal segment of the Diaspinae and Conchaspinae. 
Pyriform : shaped like a pear. 
Reticulate : like network. 
Retracted : drawn back; opposed to prominent. 
Rimose : full of cracks. 
Rugose : wrinkled. 
Scale : a general term to distinguish Coccidae ; the puparium of Diaspinae ; the waxy 
covering of the male Lecaniid. 
Sclerite : any piece of the body wall bounded by sutures. 
Scutellum : a conspicuous shield-shaped piece on the dorsal surface of the metathorax of 
male Coccidae. 
Secretion : matter produced by the various glands of the body. More particularly the 
waxy, powdery, fibrous, or cottony substances of which the coverings of Coccidae 
are composed. 
Secretionary : consisting of secretion. 
Seta -ae : a pointed bristle or long stiff hair. 
Sordid : (of colour) dirty, dull. 
