Transactions of the Boyal Society of South Africa. 
h. Adults free-moving. Posterior extremity rounded. Dorsum 
covered with well-defined waxy lamellae or plates which are 
produced behind the body to form an ovisac. cT with com- 
pound eyes. E.g. Orthezia imiguis Ortheziinae. 
c. Adult fixed, often forming shallow pits in stems of plants. 
Usually enclosed in a + horny, or glassy, + transparent test 
which is often supplied with a short fringe of waxy filaments. 
Figure-8 glands usually present in one or more stages. Legs and 
antennae rudimentary or absent. E.g. Pustular oak scale, etc. Asterolecaniinae. 
d. Insects enclosed in a resinous cell. Adult without legs, with 
the caudal segments produced into a + tail-like organ bearing 
at the extremity the anal orifice, which is surrounded by a 
broken setiferous ring. E.g. Lac insects Tachardiinae. 
B. Posterior extremity cleft. 
e. Body not showing segmentation. Anal orifice valve-like, 
covered with a pair of triangular plates. E.g. Soft scale, etc. Lecaniinae. 
Anal rinfi hairlc><!<. 
A. Abdomen not tertninatinfi in a definite pygidiuni. 
a. Adult free- moving until eggs are laid. Posterior extremity 
rounded ; insects + covered with mealy or cottony matter, or 
enclosed in a + felttd sac. Caudal lobes absent. Legs and 
antennae present or + rudimentary. Antennae usually 
7-jointed. E.g. Cochineal insects, etc Coccinae. 
h. Young stages free-moving, adults + fixed to host-plant by 
secretion from tenent hairs on venter between legs. Legs, 
antennae, and mouth-parts present. Dorsum + soft and 
covered with waxy meal or cottony matter [leery a, etc.), or 
hardened and + naked (Mammoth Scale). Antennae usually 
10- or 11-jointed. Adult ? with or without ovisac. In 
Aspidoproctus spp. the eggs are deposited in a " marsupium " 
formed by invagination of portion of the vential surface, 
c? with compound eyes Monophlehinae. 
c. ? , before emergence as adult, enclosed in a + glassy cyst. 
During this time the insect probably passes through ((f) a 
second larval or prae-pupal stage in which mouth-parts are 
present but legs and antennae absent, and (/;) a pupal stage 
in which antennae, legs, and mouth-parts are absent. Adult 
? with well-developed legs and antennae but without mouth- 
parts. Adult cf with compound eyes. Adult and ? with 
anterior legs fossorial. E.g. Vine Margarodes Margarodiiiae. 
B. Ahdoinen terminating in a definite pygidium. 
d. Legs and antennae present. Adults below a separate cover- 
ing scale which is composed entirely of secretionary matter 
without the admixture of exuviae. E.g. Euphorbia 
Concluupix Conclia&pinae. 
e. Legs absent. Adult below a separate covering, scale com- 
posed of secretionary matter plus the exuviae. E.g. White 
peach scale, etc Diaspinae. 
