184 Transactions of the Boyal Society of South Africa. 
B. Cyst spherical. Adult ? $ whitish-yellow ; antennae 8-jointed. 
1. Cyst large (about 5 mm. diam.), dark in colour, outer layer 
wrinkled and bark-like. 
{h) Adult ? with derm properly shagreened ; antennae 8-jointed 31. capensis. 
2, Cyst smaller, shining, about 2-5 mm. in diameter, outer surface 
not bark-like. 
(c) Cyst amber-yellow. Adult s with few scattered disc-glands in 
anterior part of body. Antennae 8-jointed. Lateral thoracic 
spine areas entirely replaced by fine hairs M. greeni. 
(d) Cyst creamy yellow. Adult ? with numerous disc-rosette 
gland-pores in anterior part of body. Lateral thoracic spine 
area present. Antennae 8-jointed M.newsteadi. 
{e) Cyst milky white. Adult without disc-glands in anterior part of 
body. Lateral spine areas of thorax prominent. Antennae 
8-jointed ill. peringueyi. 
C. Cyst spherical. Adult 2 carrot-red. Antennae 9- or 10-jointed. 
(/) Cyst white, translucent, red colour of body of insect showing 
through. Adult 2 carrot-red with 9- or 10-jointed antennae . . M. ruber. 
58. Margarodes capensis (Giard) Brain. 
(Plate XXVIII., Fig. 69.) 
Margarodes {S];)haerasijis) caj^ensis Giard. C. E. Soc. Biol., Paris (10) 
No. 25, p. 683, 1897. 
Cyst : Large, almost spherical, may attain 7 mm. for largest diameter, 
very dark castaneous to black, with outer sm^face roughly wrinkled. 
Where portions have flaked off the colour is bright reddish-brown to 
bronze. (Spirit material.) 
In some notes made by Claude Fuller from the fresh material in 1898 
I note that he remarks : " Cyst shell composed of three layers : outer, 
red (bark-like) ; middle of median thickness, yellow, with thick ridges 
approaching outer wall ; inmost thin and transparent." 
Encysted stages : The encysted stages of this species are particularly 
suitable for study, owing to the dense condition of the tegument. In the 
small species found in Pretoria, on the contrary, the skin in these stages 
is extremely delicate, and the characters are therefore difficult to deter- 
mine. I have in this collection a number of caijensis specimens collected 
by C. P. Lounsbury and Claude Fuller at Waylands, CP., in 1898, and 
stored in spirits, and also a number of slides made at the time of collection 
from fresh specimens. 
There appears to be two distinct stages during the encysted period, 
a second larval or prae-pupal, and a pupal stage. 
