Presidential Address. 
231 
Eevision Eequiked. 
When in addition I add that on perhaps the best of these carvings 
figures a man only moderately conventional, pursuing an elephant and 
armed v^ith a bow and arrov^, you will doubtless agree with me that the 
accepted divisions of the Palaeolithic Ages will have to be considerably 
revised, if not materially altered, through the documentary evidence 
afforded by South Africa, and later on also probably from other South 
African zones. 
For in truth we have in the case cited one of the oldest forms of 
lithic industry coupled with the expression of an extremely well-developed 
artistic talent, together with an only slightly conventionally- drawn figure 
of man far better executed than most Magdalenian figures, and armed 
with a bow, a weapon unknown in the Magdalenian, as also in the 
Aurignacian times, but greatly in vogue in the Solutrean, which 
lithologically is characterized by its wonderfully well-worked points 
for darts and arrows. There is now a tendency to place the Solutrean 
before the Aurignacian. If this conclusion were accepted, it would 
explain the presence of Solutrean points carefully worked on both sides 
and of splendid finish, among the large and numerous palaeoliths found 
in the Swaziland gravels worked for tin. So numerous are these relics 
in parts of Swaziland, as also in the valley of the Vaal Eiver, where 
diamond "dry diggings" obtain, that one might be superficially led to 
the conclusion that they are the tools of early miners, whereas both 
artefacts and minerals have gradually found their way to these deposits 
through extensive denudation of the higher levels of the country round 
the deposits. 
It is then during the three following periods, the Solutrean, Aurignacian, 
Magdalenian, that a culture expressed otherwise than by man's handi- 
work bursts almost suddenly upon us. So sudden it is that it seems 
almost doubtful that it should have originated with the race of Mousterian 
man, and the question may again be asked : Is not this new culture an 
importation by a newer race, or obtained by contact from another race 
whose mental development had by that time been more rapid or less 
sluggish ? It is to this theory that I adhere, and my endeavour is to 
show that the Bushman, if himself not the ancestor of these Solutrean and 
Aurignacian people, may have been of them, and that he has retained 
many parts of their handicraft is equally certain, as will be seen from the 
evidence adduced. 
I have stated already that an amelioration of climate had supervened 
in the Northern Hemisphere. It seems to have as a result, judging from 
the great and still increasing number of stations located in Europe, 
induced an immigration or return of the men who physically differed 
