Presidential Address. 
233 
The Stone Implements. 
There is hardly a type of the Sokitrean and Aurignacian stone imple- 
ment that cannot be matched in South Africa. Instead of being made 
of flint, a material that does not exist, it consists of sandstone, silicified 
sandstone, quarfcz, or any material hard enough to fulfil its purpose. 
Few, if any, large implements are used, except in certain parts where 
bouchers of rude manufacture are connected with double-end scrapers, 
and occasionally tanged arrows of the Solutrean type. In the caves or 
shelters of the littoral where a resemblance to the Magdalenian industry 
is noticeable owing to the use of bone, but is more imaginary than real, 
large tools have been found, but they have not been pared in the 
manner of the Palaeolithic bouchers, and it may be stated that the 
Bushman race, as we know it, had abandoned the fabrication of these 
heavy pieces if it ever knew it. One tool, however, would seem to be 
peculiar to them, and it is the " Kwe," or perforated stone, of which, how- 
ever, a few examples from the Mediterranean are known. But, as 
already stated, the lithic industry of the Bush runs parallel with that of 
the Aurignacian- Solutrean Man. 
Industry. 
The very great abundance of tiny parers, slender burins, which, with 
the equally small thin flakes used to barb their arrows, are found in 
almost every Station, is due to the manufacture of flat discs of ostrich egg- 
shell perforated in the centre, and of which strings used for ornaments 
are made. This style of bead is spread over Africa ; discs have been 
discovered in tombs in the Nubian desert — as well as in very early 
Neolithic sepultures in Spain. 
Ornaments. 
In the sepultures of the littoral, upon which I look as necropoles, 
stringed rows of these tiny ostrich egg-shells were found on children, 
and female adults (they are likewise found in almost all graves of Bush 
and Hottentot women in different parts of the country), also necklaces of 
shells perforated in a very rude fashion for stringing ; one of them in 
particular greatly resembles that worn by the women of Mentone. 
Teeth perforated for suspension, as in the old Solutrean, are not known, 
but flat discs, with a hole for suspension, are known, and in certain 
Stations bone discs and shells have been decorated on the edges, and 
carefully bored for suspension. The question if men bore more body 
ornaments than the women remains still open ; but I am inclined to think 
that they did. I considered at first as an ornament a cylindrical bone 
found in a cave shelter of Humansdorp. I am led, however, to look upon 
it now in the hght of the Magdalenian culture, as a tube for the paint 
