Presidential Address. 
235 
are found in Bush paintings, not only in the classical, as I term it, but 
also in the ^'peinture de genre," in dancing or crowded hunting scenes. 
Now I take it in our case to be magic ; it is prompted by the idea of 
either wiping out completely a haunting reminiscence, or to show 
superiority. Often the superposed model is better executed. 
The Bushman paintings have, however, this superiority over the 
Aurignacian ones — that man and woman are represented, the sexes being 
unmistakable. In the Aurignacian certain monstrous forms are known, 
but man is not well delineated. Hieratic and conventional as many of 
our Bush paintings are, their style is found repeated in some new grottoes 
lately discovered in Spain, an ideographic style seems to prevail in others 
where the sexes are differentiated even when the male organs have been 
omitted or have disappeared. In the Bush, the peculiar long waist of the 
men (the appearance of which is enhanced by the steatopygia of the 
women) and other features mark the style as altogether his own. But 
the pigments used for these representations are the same whether used by 
the Aurignacian man or by the Bushman, namely, red and yellow ochre, 
charcoal and white clay. The toning of these ingredients is similar, the 
delineation of the animals equal in naturalism ; the eyes are present ; the 
subject is often, but not always, finely graved, thereby uniting or rather 
requiring the united skill of sculptor and painter. 
We are, of course, endowing the Bush with the artistic disposition 
exemplified by the rock paintings attributed to him, although no one has 
seen such an aboriginal actually performing at his art. I have evidence 
now that for a brush he used a straw split at one end, and we know by 
numerous finds in situ of the pigments he used for his parietal repre- 
sentations, but we did not know until lately that his better work included 
also the art of graving, which really stands revealed now by few examples 
it is true, but unimpeachable. And they thus form a link between the 
engraved, unpainted subjects to be found within a certain perimeter of 
the Union. 
Of the merit of some examples I have already told you ; of the age 
of their authors I have given you my opinion. But we have also another 
means of comparison in objects of similar merit and description, in 
Northern Africa this time, where an extinct Buffalo is delineated on 
rock in almost natural size, and with such a fidelity that the reconstruc- 
tion of the skeleton, when it was ulteriorly found, was based on the 
attitude of the animal as depicted by the primitive artist. We had a 
similar buffalo here, and I found its remnants in connection with the 
Aurignacian industry of the modern Bushman. 
These rock-gravings are not of equal merit, and it might be doubtful 
if after all they were made by the present Bush people, but in some cases 
that doubt must be put aside for the following reason. Certain iminted 
