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THE OCCUEEENCE OF DINOSAUES IN BUSHMANLAND. 
By A. W. EoGERs. 
(Eead May 19, 1915.) 
In 1913 Mr. James Crozier, Superintendent of the Cape Copper 
Company, showed me some fragments of large bones in a minerahzed 
condition which had been brought to O'okiep by Mr. Coetzee, a farmer in 
Bushmanland. The bones came from a well and w^ere evidently of in- 
terest, so a few days later I took an opportunity very kindly offered by Mr. 
E. A. Good, of O'okiep, of driving out to Mr. Coetzee's farm, Kangnas, 
w^here the well was being sunk. The well is in a wide shallow valley 
leading to the Orange Eiver at Henkries. At the time of my visit it was 
112 feet deep and had two tunnels at the bottom. The material just under 
the surface is tufaceous limestone, such as crops out in the patches of 
hard veld in western Bushmanland, and is formed by the deposition of 
carbonate of lime where water which has sunk into the ground evaporates 
at the surface or in the soil near it. Below this limestone, which is about 
5 feet thick and has no very definite lower limit, there is a sandy and 
slightly clayey material, loosely consolidated but strong enough to stand 
in the sides of the well, though it can be dug out with pick and spade. 
On the dump it breaks up rapidly into a sandy mass. This material is 
evidently derived from the gneiss which underlies the superficial deposits 
of western Bushmanland and forms all the hills there. In the well it is 
about 100 feet thick, and I could not see any difference in various parts of 
it. The gear at the well was of the usual sort used on farms, a windlass, 
wire rope, and bucket, and a systematic examination of the well section 
could not be made. The sides of the well are rather obscured by 
droppings from the bucket on its repeated journeys. However, Mr. 
Coetzee's account of the work and an examination of the dump confirmed 
the apparent absence of marked differences in the walls of the well. The 
last 10 feet or so differ from the rest in the presence of calcareous con- 
cretions, bones, and, at the bottom, subangular fragments of quartz and 
gneiss ; there is some calcified and silicified wood, and there are thin 
layers of fibrous calcite and lignite streaks an inch or less thick. The 
calcareous concretions are in some cases flattened horizontally and have a 
