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Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 
since the same conditions obtain for Brookesia, which, judging from 
our specimens of B. superciliaris, practically has no casque : this, how- 
ever, involves the assumption that Brookesia is not a degraded type. 
Parietal. — The parietal is single, forming in C.quilensis and C. vulgaris 
a much-narrowed and compressed style, whereas in C. pumilus and allies 
it takes the form of a broad plate with a descending process on either 
side which meets the prosquamosal. In C. hrevicornis and some other 
Malagasy Chamaeleons the parietal, though it expands a little posteriorly, 
never forms a broad plate, nor has a descending process postero-laterally. 
The descending process of .the parietal, which in the genus Chamaeleon 
is found apparently only in the pumilus group, corresponds no doubt with 
the crescentic horn at the hind angle of the parietal of Varanus or Agama. 
The plate-like parietal in the skull of Brookesia is, however, still more 
typically lacertilian than that of G. pumilus, as it is not prolonged 
backwards beyond the occipital region (Siebenrock, however, dealing 
with B. super ciliaris, figures a backwardly projecting parietal) ; and, 
further, it has retained on either side anteriorly a descending process 
which is attached to the prootic region ; it has also the descending 
postero-lateral process. Bhampholeon is stated to have no such lateral 
process to its parietal. According to W. K. Parker, in his detailed account 
of G. vulgaris, the bone which we are referring to as the parietal is really 
an interparietal, the true parietals having more or less completely fused 
with the prosquamosals. He describes and figures a suture in the 
prosquamosal which marks the junction of these two bones, but we 
have found no trace of such a suture in any Chamaeleon, and Parker 
himself was unable to detect any indication of distinct parietals and 
interparietals in C. pumilus. 
Mr. Boulenger, in the British Museum Catalogue of Lizards, describes 
what would appear to be a similar state of affairs as follows : Parietal 
single, often much narrowed and compressed, forming a crest and 
meeting posteriorly the extremities of a pair of bones the supratemporals, 
which on each side connect it with the squamosal. In some species the 
parietal in the adult may be much expanded and form a bony slab, from 
which the supratemporals are no longer to be distinguished.'' We are 
unable to comprehend the meaning of the latter sentence, and we believe 
that the bone we call parietal is homologous throughout the family. 
Frontal. — The frontal is generally stated to be single in Chamaeleons. 
According to W. K. Parker there are two frontals in the skull of a newly 
hatched G. vulgaris. In young skulls of G. vcntralis we have found no 
indication whatever of a paired condition. 
Pre- and Post- frontals. — These bones in Brookesia (and in Bham- 
pholeon) are separated by the frontal, as in the case of Varanus or Agama. 
In G. dilepis and vulgaris they meet on each side to form the upper 
