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Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 
oesophagus, with the superior portion placed ventrally; seen from the 
side a sHght bend is noticeable with the concavity facing the caudal end. 
The lower margin of the ring is united to a pair of lateral ganglions (Figs. 
3, 4 l.g.), and a middle ventral ganglion (Figs. 3, 4 v.g.). The lateral 
and the ventral ganglion are grouped in bunches and are about 50 fx in 
length ; the former are composed of some thirty pear-shaped cells, whilst 
the latter does not contain over fifteen. 
Excretory System. — This can be made out in specimens which, in 
Fig. 8. — Bursa copulatrix of the male seen from the 
back, so as to show the costa dorsalis. Mag- 
nification : 350 diameters. 
addition to being quite clear, the oesophagus and the anterior part of the 
intestine have been displaced by the action of the fixing fluid and retracted 
towards the dorsal wall of the parasite's body. The extremities of the 
cervical glands (Fig. 4 cv.gd.) can be distinguished in specimens examined 
from the side. As a rule they are two in number and are placed laterally 
to the body, whilst they merge together at the anterior extremity and 
communicate with the exterior by means of a single duct (Fig. 4 ex.d.), 
