Sotith African Alcyonacea. 
153 
genus Anthelia by certain characters, and regards the former as a deep- 
water, the latter as a shallow-water form. When, however, one applies 
Kiikenthal's own distinctions, one is at once landed in difficulties. The two 
forms which I here record from South African waters are undoubtedly true 
species of Clavularia according to Kiikenthal's diagnosis of this genus and 
yet both of those occur in shallow water. It appears to me that this 
distinction of shallow-water forms as belonging to the genus Anthelia and 
deep-water specimens as pertaining to the genus Clavularia is not tenable.. 
I have examined specimens of Hickson's which are undoubtedly species of 
Clavularia as distinguished by Kiikenthal's characters of that genus, and yet 
they are placed in his list as species of Anthelia apparently mainly for the 
reason that they occur in shallow water. In the same year as Kiikenthal's 
memoir on the " Yaldivia " Alcyonacea was published, Thomson and 
Henderson described a number of shallow-water forms from Zanzibar as 
belonging to the genus Clavularia. 
Clavularia elongata, Wright and Studer, var. africana, n. var. 
This specimen is closely allied to Clavularia eloiicjata, W. and S.; the 
latter was, however, collected in deep water (1000 fathoms) off the Azores, 
Locality, etc. — " Pieter Faure," No. 9065. Cape Infanta, N. | W. 13 J miles. 
Depth, 42 fathoms. Collected by shrimp trawl. Nature of bottom, mud 
and sand with black specks. Date of collection, July 13, 1900. 
SCLEKANTHELIA MUSIVA, Studer. 
(Plate V, fig. 1.) 
The specimen consists of hard, encrusting stolons which are continued 
into a slightly raised mound-like mass on which there are 7-9 hard-walled 
polyps. The encrusting part rests on a hard mass of stones and fragments 
of shells, on which there are also Bryozoa. The specimen is about 15 mm. 
in height and 14 by 11 mm. in diameter. The colour is pale yellow. The 
encrusting part rises at the most to a height of 3 mm. from the attaching 
surface. The polyps are sometimes slightly curved, have a fairly uniform 
diameter throughout, namely from 3-4 mm., but are slightly narrower at 
their apices ; som^e are 13 mm., others 4 mm. in length. They are very 
rigid, and covered by scale-like or pavement-like spicules. The polyps are 
sometimes in juxtaposition ; others are separated from one another by an 
interval of 3-4 mm. The polyp-cavity is relatively small, with a diameter of 
about 1-2 mm.; this is occasioned by the thickness of the polyp-wall and its 
spicules, the former being about a millimetre in thickness. 
The characteristic scale-like plates on the surfaces of the polyps are of 
the most varied sizes and shapes ; their outer surfaces are densely covered 
with tubercles. They are sometimes long and spindle-like, or they may be 
broad plates, a small one 0*4 mm., a large one 1*20 mm. in length. These 
15 
