South African Alcyonacea. 
159 
the latter are very closely aggregated together with only narrow walls 
separating them, that the mesogloea is greatly reduced, and that the spicules 
extend far internally into the coenenchyme, forming a very efficient source 
of protection. 
The spicules of the coenenchyme and calyces are double spheres, leafy 
clubs or spicules approaching leafy clubs, clubs and spicules approaching 
double wheels. The spicules of the anthocodiae are more predominantly 
clubs and spindles, although spicules resembling those of the coenenchyme 
and calyx also occur. 
The following dimensions of the spicules may be noted : 
From the coenenchyme and calyces : Double spheres from 0'045 x 0*024 
to 1-11 X 0-072 mm. ; leafy clubs from 0-057 x 0-03 to 0-108 x 0-045 mm. ; 
clubs from 0-093 x 0*036 to 0-156 x 0-051 mm. From the anthocodiae: 
spindles from 0-057 x 0-012 to 0-126 x 0-012 mm. 
Fig. 2. — Spicules of Alcyonium (Erythropodiwn) foliatum, sp. n. 
I have named this species foliatum from the shape of some of the spicules, 
which expand at one end in an almost leaf-like manner. Spicules slightly 
resembling these are found in Alcyonium leptoclaclos, Klunzinger, and 
Alcyonium acaule, Koch. 
Locality, etc. — " Pieter Faure," No. 13364. Cape Morgan, N.W. i W. 
6J miles. Depth, 45 fathoms. Collected by dredge. Nature of bottom, 
broken shells. Date of collection, August 13, 1901. 
Alcyonium (Eeythropoditjm) mbmbranaceum, Kiik. 
This species has already been described and figured as a South African 
forin by Kiikenthal in his report on the Alcyonacea collected during the 
" Yaldivia" Expedition. The locality was lat. 34° 7' 3" S., long. 24° 59' 3" E., 
St. Francis Bay ; depth, 100 metres. 
The localities in which it was collected by the "Pieter Faure" were: 
"Pieter Faure," No. 287. Mossel Bay Lighthouse S. | W. 2| miles. 
