A Contribution to the Study of the Rainfall Map of South Africa. 373 
known spot in Cape Colony outside Table Mountain and the Hottentot's 
Holland, and includes Evelyn Valley (X 190) with 65-17 in. a year, and 
the Hogsback with 43 in. With the exception of Alicedale (X, 182) 
and Daggaboer (X, 187) no station in this area has a smaller mean annual 
rainfall than 20 in. ; but these two stations, which are on the extreme west 
of X, might very well have been included in VII. 
On the whole there is a single maximum and minimum in the year, 
namely, about February or March and July respectively. But several 
stations, particularly those not far from the coast, show a second maximum 
in October-^Tovember, e.g. East London, Port Alfred, and Alexandria 
(X, 189, 203 and 180 A). 
Though well watered on the whole this area is subject to droughts lasting 
for some weeks. At Alexandria there has been one November with 11 in., 
and the next November not half an inch. It appears that occasionally the 
Karroo conditions of VII push right down to the coast. 
XI. North-Easter n Cape Province. 
Includes the high country lying between the Orange Free State and X. 
It is now fairly well supplied with gauges and good observers, ajid sixteen 
have records of over twenty years' duration. It has a pretty good rainfall 
of the simple type, with its maximum in February and its minimum in July. 
The rapid increase of quantity from November to December is noteworthy. 
The area is crossed by the watershed of the Stormbergen, but this range has 
no such effect upon the rainfall as the ranges further west, the stations 
to the north of it having at least as good a fall as those to the south. 
XII. Kaffraria. 
The eastern portion of Cape Colony lying between Natal and the Grreat 
Kei Eiver. It is separated from Basutoland on the north-west by the 
Drakensbergen. The rainfall is abundant everywhere, and excepting near 
the coast has one maximum and minimum in the year, at about midsummer 
and midwinter. Groing inland up the slopes of the river valleys the mean 
annual rainfall first diminishes and then increases — again, a circumstance 
which to some extent reverses the effect due to altitude (see under XV 
and XVI). 
XIII. Basutoland. 
Rainfall stations only exist in this area along the settled valley of the 
Caledon River. Nothing is known of the rainfall of the highlands lying 
between the Maluti and Quatlilamba Mountains, which form fully three- 
quarters of the country ; but that the fall is considerable is proved by the 
numerous streams which form the headwaters of the Orange River. We 
should conclude from the volume and number of these streams that, 
if anything, considerably more rain falls upon the western slopes of the 
mountains of Basutoland than upon the eastern slopes facing the sea. And 
