28 
NORMAN TAYLOR 
per cent, in the Seychelles it is 57 per cent. Upon Raunkiaer's 
assumption that phanerophytes are typical of warm and tropical 
regions the figures of the local flora are somewhere near what one 
would expect. 
In the flora of New York and vicinity 13 per cent of the wild 
species are southern plants reaching their northern distribution out- 
posts in the area within 100 miles of the city. We should expect to 
find these southern plants exhibiting a greater percentage of growth- 
forms characteristic of the warmer parts of the earth, than of those 
characteristic of the north. In this same area, also, 8 per cent of the 
native plants are typically northern and reach their southern distri- 
bution outposts in the region within about one hundred miles of the 
city. We should expect to find the percentages of growth-forms 
characteristic of the north predominating in these northern species. 
The following table gives the percentages of growth-forms in the 
southern species, the northern species, and, for comparison, the 
percentages in the whole native flora. The normal spectrum is in- 
cluded again, for comparison. 
Percentages of Growth-forms in the Northern and Southern Species of 
THE Flora of N. Y. and Vicinity that Reach their Distribution 
Outposts in the Area 
MG 
MS 
MC 
N 
CH 
H 
G 
HH 
T 
Normal spectrum . . . 
( 
17 
20 
9 
27 
3 
I 
13 
Whole native flora. . 
•52 
4-03 
7.18 
3.51 
5.29 
33-29 
20.23 
11.74 
13 
Southern species. . . . 
5-62 
7.08 
8.55 
7.83 
30-97 
20.53 
7-83 
14.92 
Northern species 
I-3I 
3-94 
8.55 
26.31 
24-34 
23 
3-94 
There are, of course, hundreds of northern and southern species 
that range north or south of the local flora area,^ but it seemed best 
to ignore these, and consider only those that find either their southerly 
or northerly distribution outposts within the region. 
An analysis of these percentages of northern and southern species 
shows that the main lines of Raunkiaer's scheme are admirably illus- 
^ The area included is as follows: All of the State of Connecticut; in New York 
the counties bordering the Hudson River up to and including Columbia and Greene 
also Sullivan and Delaware counties, and all of Long Island; all of New Jerse}^; 
and in Pennsylvania, Pike, Wayne, Monroe, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Northampton, 
Lehigh, Carbon, Berks, Bucks, Schuylkill, Montgomery, Philadelphia, Delaware 
and Chester counties. 
