F. TRACY HUBBARD 
1. c. 2: 768 (1891). C. italica 8 germanicum Ktze. 1. c. 2: 768 (1891). 
Ixophorus italicus (L.) Nash, in Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 22: 423 (1895): 
Nash, in Britt. & Br. 111. Fl. i: 127, f. 283 (1896). Chaetochloa italica 
(L.) Scribn. U. S. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4 : 39 (1897) : Scribn. & Merr. U. S. 
Div. Agrost. Bull. 21: 20, f. 9 (1900): Nash, in Britt. Man. 90 (1901); 
ed. 3, 90 (1907): Nash, in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 107 (1903). 
Panicum viride [subsp.] B. P. italicum (L.) Aschers. & Graebn. Syn. 
Mitteleur. Fl. 2^: 77 (1899). P. viride [subsp.] B. P. italicum B. 
germanicum Aschers. & Graebn. 1. c. 2^: 78 (1899). P. viride [subsp.] 
B. P. italicum C. maritimum (Lam.) Aschers. & Graebn. 1. c. 2^: 78 
(1899). Setaria italica var. germanica ''(Mill.) Richter," according 
to Hitchc. in Bail. Cycl. Am. Hort. 4: 1662 (1902): according to 
Hitchc. in Gray, Man. ed. 7, 119 (1908) not var. germanica of Richter, 
PI. Eur. i: 28 (1890) which is based on Panicum germanicum Willd. 
and equals var. Hostii. S. viridis subsp. italica (L.) Briq. Prodr. Fl. 
Corse 1 : 68 (1910). 
NoTA. — The preceding references apply to some form of the species, but cannot 
be placed with certainty under any given variation, 
5. italica is an exceedingly variable species which has been under 
cultivation for many centuries and consequently has developed in- 
numerable strains. The size of the plant varies from well over a meter 
to only about a decimeter high and the thickness of the culm is equally 
variable. The leaves range in length from only about 3 cm. up to 50 
cm. and in breadth from 5 to 30 mm.; commonly linear-lanceolate 
and long-acuminate, but occasionally relatively broad and short- 
acuminate. The panicle is more or less lobulate-compound and inter- 
rupted at the base [section Maximum of Alefeld, Landw. Fl.] to dense, 
seemingly spicate [section Moharium of Alefeld, 1. c] and ranges in 
length from i to 30 cm. or more and in diameter from 7 to 55 mm. 
The spikelets vary in size from 2 to 3.2 mm. long, more commonly 
2.6 to 3 mm. and are always articulate above the glumes allowing the 
fruit to be easily shelled out. The second glume is usually slightly 
shorter than the sterile lemma, sometimes only three fourths as long 
but occasionally almost as long. The setae vary in color — being 
green, purple or brown — and in length from shorter than the spikelets 
to many times their length, but they are always upwardly barbed 
[sometimes very slightly so]. The fruit is of three main colors — 
yellowish, reddish or blackish, — but in varying shades. It is more or 
less rugulose, sometimes almost smooth when it is shiny. 
