252 H. V. JOHNSON 
Table I 
Beet, Carrot and Turnip in Solution of CaCh 
Gram 
Ionic 
Gram Ionic Cone. 
Duration of 
Cone, of Ca 
□f CI 
Per Cent 
Per Cent 
Experiment 
^ Ca ^ 
^ CI ^ 
in Days 
At 
At 
At 
At End 
Start 
End 
Start 
Beet 
Alive . 
8 
.0222 
.0188 
,0422 
•0345 
15-3 
18.2 
17 
.0222 
.0170 
.0422 
.0319 
23-4 
24.4 
Alive 
8 
.0222 
.0178 
.0422 
.0340 
19.8 
19.4 
Alive 
39 
.0222 
.0088 
.0422 
.0170 
60.4 
59.7 
Alive 
17 
.0206 
•01 30 
•039 
.0228 
36.78 
41.47 
Alive 
17 
.0206 
.0094 
.039 
.0147 
54-53 
62.31 
17 
.0206 
.0104 
•039 
.0191 
49-34 
50.96 
Alive 
26 
.0206 
.0087 
.039 
.0156 
57-57 
60.00 
Alive 
14 
.0206 
.0094 
•039 
.0128 
54-53 
67.18 
Average 
41-31 
43.74 
Dead (chloroform). 
3 
.0222 
.0109 
.0422 
.0270 
50.9 
36.0 
Dead (formalin) . . . 
9 
.0221 
.0139 
.0420 
•03505 
37-1 
16.5 
Average 
44.0 
26.25 
Carrot 
Alive 
9 
.0222 
.0198 
.0422 
.0382 
10.8 
9.5 
Alive 
1 1 
.0222 
.0203 
.0422 
.0396 
_8-5 
6.1 
Average 
9-65 
7.8 
Dead (chloroform). 
3 
.0222 
.0123 
.0422 
•0333 
44.6 
21. 1 
Dead (chloroform). 
4 
.0222 
.01 16 
.0422 
.0312 
47-7 
26.1 
Dead (formalin) . . . 
9 
.0221 
.0131 
.0420 
.0341 
40.7 
18.8 
Dead (formalin) . . . 
17 
.0206 
.00704 
•039 
•02235 
65.56 
42.56 
Dead (formalin) . . . 
17 
.0206 
.00602 
•039 
.0256 
70.78 
34-31 
Average 
53-87 
28.57 
Turnip 
Dead (chloroform). 
2 
.0221 
.0169 
.0420 
•0350 
23-5 
16.6 
In the writer's experiments uninjured beets or carrots were placed 
in the solution (the top projecting out of the liquid) and allowed to 
remain for the period indicated. The concentration of ions was deter- 
mined before and after the roots were placed in the solution. The Ca 
was determined by precipitating with ammonium oxalate, igniting 
and weighing as CaO; the CI was titrated with o.i M AgNOs, using 
potassium chromate as indicator. The amount of experimental error 
is shown by comparing the determinations of the concentrations of the 
two ions at the beginning of the experiment as given in the table (if 
there were no experimental error the gram ionic concentration of CI 
would be exactly twice that of Ca). 
In subsequent experiments corn was germinated in tap water. 
When the roots had reached a length of one or two inches and were in 
active growth, so that no dead cells were observable, they were placed 
