I 
Forest and Stream 
A Weekly Journal Of the Rod and GuN; 
NEW YORKj SATURbAY, JANUARY 22, 1898. 
1?ERMs, $4 A Year. 10 Ctsi a Copy. 
Six Months, |2. 
i V'OL. L;— No. 4. . 
' No. 346 BroadWay, New Y'oRk. 
NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. 
The address label on the wrapper shows the date of 
Ihe close of the term for which the subscription is 
j^ald. The receipt of the paper with such dated ad- 
dress label constitutes the subscriber's receipt for 
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For prospectus and advertising rates see page ill. 
headers are invited to send vs the n'ames of friends wh6 
fnight he interested in a 'durrent copy 0/ the FOeest A^^B 
Stream. We shall he glad, to forward, a specimen niimhef 
to any person ivh'ose address may he furnished us for that 
ptlrp'ose. 
Wfiall like to go into camp, and imagine that liealtli and 
joy may be found in sleeping on the balsam twigs of 
the forest or even on the hard g'round of the arid plains. 
So it is that a camp always possesses a great attraction 
for those who are fond of outdoor life. People bring 
back from their outing photographs of their camps, if 
of nothing else, and when a new tent or a new camping 
outfituol any description appears, it is sure to excite in- 
terest. 
It is naturally enough therefore that at an exhibition 
such as is now being held at the Madison Square Garden 
there should be seen many forms of camps and shelters. 
There are log cabins, open log camps, canvas tents and 
shelters and two Indian wigwams or lodges of birch 
bark. These conical tents of the form commonly called 
tipi were the universal movable dwellings of the North 
American Indian at the time when the white man came, 
and have often been spoken of as the warmest, dryest 
and most comfortable movable shelter known. Those 
here shown are of the form employed by the Algonquin 
people, and should therefore be called wigwams, an Al- 
gonquin word, while tipi is the Dakota name for the 
dwelling of the same type, but skin-covered instead of 
roofed with bark. 
It will be remembered that at the last Sportsmen's Ex- 
position the Forest and Stream showed a complete 
Blackfoot Indian camp of the old buf?alo days, and fol- 
lowing out this idea the Maine Central Railroad and the 
Bangor & Aroostook Railroad have set up the .conical 
todges of the forest Indians, covered with sheets of birch 
bark. An appearance of realism is given to one of the 
lodges by a fire in it and a kettle hanging on a tripod 
over the fire. The sheets of bark which cover the lodge 
poles of these wigwams appear to be laid on the frame 
individually and fastened in place, so that the tents, 
Avhile having this appearance of the ancient shelters, are 
not made in the old wa}^ Wigwams as put up here with 
nails and tacks are of course permanent structures. 
Shelters such as these are still used by the Algonciuin 
people of the North — of Minnesota and Wisconsin, for 
example — where the covering is made in long rolls, 
which are conveniently done up for transportation in 
canoes. "The largest and longest when unrolled reaches 
around the lodge poles at the ground from one side of 
the door to the other; the next one in length fits around 
the lodge poles above the lower strip, lapping a little over 
it, so as to shed the rain. One still shorter goes on above 
this and so on to top of cone. At both ends of each strip 
there is a lath-like stick of wood to keep the bark fi^om 
splitting and fraying. The pieces of which these strips 
are composed are neatly sewed together with tamarack 
roots." 
This description, although written of the Ojibwas of 
the North, applies precisely to the methods employed 
by the Penobscot Indians, whose descendants, now pres- 
ent at the Garden, have constructed the wigwam shown 
there. None of the present generation oi Penobscots 
have used these birch bark homes, yet th&y know how to 
make them, and if time had been given them would 
have constructed these wigwams in the old way, using 
no pieces of iron in ptitting them together, but only birch 
bark, sewn with roots and tied with cedar strings. These ' 
Penobscot Indians from the Moosehead Lake are in- 
telligent, English-speaking people, who seem quite well 
qualified to hold their own with their white brethren. 
Of the various tents and shelters of canvas which are 
on exhibition, here an interesting one is a double tent 
with a vestibule entrance, which ib said to W^tiei" hA 
insect proof, two featiireis which, ilf justified by practical 
working, should be of very great value in many local- 
ities in this land of ours. 
While it is easily possible for the young and enthusi- 
astic to go into cahip Without shelters of any kinid, yet 
there are rnany older tnen whose advancing years warn 
them to take all the comfort possible while they are 
camping. Such obseryers at tiie Madison Square Gar- 
den will feel all espfecial intei-est in all these outdoor 
hollies; 
•^kA^ sitOTi,. 
The combinatibn of twenty corporation^ (ionti-olling 
the fiskeries of the Great Lakes into one gigantic trust 
i-epi-esenting a capital of $6,ooo,0bo Will, we arc assured, 
i-esult in great benefit to the Government, Whith will be 
saved hundreds of thousands of dollat-s annually now- 
spent in replenishing and preserving the fisheries. This 
means, if it means anything, either that the trust will so 
restrict the catch that the stock Will replenish itself nat- 
urally, or that the fishing combination will undertake 
the task of restocking on its own account and relieve the 
Government of the expense. This is interesting, but 
not exceedingly plausible. Corporations do not as a rule 
willingly assume the expense of doing what they can gel 
the public to do for them. No fishing combination made 
up of men of the species which now inhabits the earth 
will ever stock the public waters so long as they can 
induce legislatures to make appropriations for the pur- 
pose. Theoretically, liowever, if the accepted, economic 
principles of fish stocking be well founded, it would be 
a good business investment, for a concern controlling the 
Great Lakes, to prosecute at its own expense the work 
of restocking; and doubtless if a fishing corporation 
having actual control of the waters, and an actttal invest- 
ment of $5,000,000, were brought face to face with the 
necessity of replenishing the fisheries .supplies, its direc- 
tors would undertake the enterprise. 
There are two classes of people upon whom injunc- 
tions and exhortations are vain and void. One is of the 
folk who shoot at human beings for game in the woods. 
The other is of those who send money to publishers and 
neglect to give name and address. It is always a safe rule 
when ordering Forest and Stream for a year to specify 
the person to whom it is to be sent, adding also his post- 
office address. 
Mr. Van Name's proposed system of Government 
game reservations has a suggestive illustration in a 
paragraph of the Massachusetts Fisheries and Game 
Commissionfers' report, which has just come to hand. 
Mr. Van Name's scheme contemplates the acquisition 
by the National Government of a series of tracts of wild 
land, in such States as may be selected, to be set apart 
and protected as game refuges, where the birds or mam- 
mals might breed in security, tinmolested by man. The 
overflow frora such breeding grounds, and the passing of 
increased numbers of birds to and from a reservation 
on their migrations, would restore and maintain the game 
supply. That this is an actual fact and not theory has 
been demonstrated in the Yellowstone National Park 
and the wonderftil game supply of the Park and adjacent 
territory. It is illustrated anew by the Cape Ann ex- 
perience of Massachusetts. 
The Cape was by an act of the last Legislature ex- 
empted from the law permitting shooting during an 
open season. On the Cape the birds are protected the 
year around. The result of one year's experience is 
such a replenishing of the game supply as to win warmest 
support, even among those persons who were at first 
opposed to the protection. Mr. J. Loring Woodfall 
writes the Commissioners that never was a law enacted 
that has received more respect than the one making the 
Cape a reservation; and he adds: "Tt is working won- 
ders; we have seen more birds this year than for many 
years — so much so that one would almost believe that 
the birds themselves knew of the restrictive law. I at- 
tribute the increase to the discontinuance of shooting 
and consequent taming of the birds, which is particu- 
larly noticeable. When the law Avas enacted I was fre- 
quently told that it would amount to nothing; that the 
Italians and Finns — workmen in the quarries — would 
Gontinite. shooting Sundays, as they were in the haiiit oif 
doing. The selectmen had some large notices pHnte'd 
on cloth, which were posted through the woods, warning 
violators, and wonderful have been, the rQsulits.. So well 
has tliis law succeeded hei-e that I sintetely hope thd.t 
some other, sections of the State will ask for the same 
pi-otection this winter. I believe that in this way we can 
finally accomplish what the market-men have prevented 
in other ways." _ 
Whether a gabc reservation be a national oi- a Statfe 
institution matters not, sb that it shall be a Refuge and 
Efficiently protected. We Would rejoice to see States 
take the initiative vvithout awaiting attibn by Congress; 
The benisficent results of the Massachttsetts and Mon- 
tana reserves would just as suMy follow from like ex- 
pedients in Michigan and Minne§ota and elsewhere, tri 
the two States named, as in most others, there are vast 
tracts of wild land, practically worthle&s for any other 
purpose, which might he acquired and dedicated to the 
public 'in this way. When we reflect upon the increased 
multitude of shooters and the inadequate, halting, in- 
elTicieht and insuffitient precautions taken to conserve 
the supply, we may begin to realize our montimental and 
contmental folly as a nation in having failed to have done 
already just this thing. Why should game reserves be 
enterprises of individual and cktb initiative only? NoW 
that the system of withholding vast territories from gen- 
eral public shooting is growing with such tremendous 
bounds, why should not the people, as represented by 
their Legislatures, take a hand in the withholding On ptlb'- 
lie account? 
The Montana game wardens for the western part 
of the State need looking after, according to the Ana- 
conda Standard. It is said that shortly before Christmas 
some one killed a bttfTalo not far from Livingstoti, Mont., 
and shipped the carcass into Butte. The person who 
owned it tried to sell it to several restaurant keepers, but 
these, having the fear of the law before their eyes, de- 
clined to purchase, and the carcass was finally sold to a 
wholesale butcher living on Park street. The Montana 
law extends protection to the buflfalo for a period of ten 
years, and provides that any one killing one of these 
animals is subject to a fine of not less than $200 or more 
than $500, or may be imprisoned in the county jail for 
not less than two or more than six months, or may be 
both fined or imprisoned. The law further provides 
that the possession of the skin or the meat shall be prima 
facie evidence that persons having it killed the animal. 
There seems, therefore, an opportunity for the local game 
wardens to bring to book both the man who killed and 
him who purchased this btift'alo, which, it may be as- 
sumed, has wandered from the National Park. A couple 
of years ago there was a lot of fine indignation manifested 
in Montana because some Red River half-breeds got 
into and almost exterminated a small bunch of bufifalo 
ranging south of the Missouri River on Dry Fork, which 
for a number of years had been looked after, and so far 
as possible protected, by the cowboys who worked that 
range. We believe that the killing of this buffalo was 
the moving cause which led to the deportation by United 
States troops of a lot of Crees and half-breeds who were 
settled and farming in Montana. Most of us will sympa- 
thi'/e with the punishment of men who kill buffalo in 
contravention of the law, but they should not save up 
all their indignation for Indians and half-breeds, when 
white men, who understand the law and the real magni- 
tude of such an offense, are guilty of the same misde- 
meanor. 
A young Briton,, named Crosbie, residing in Mexico, 
had an insurance policy for $10,000 in a California acci- 
dent insurance company. He went out hunting one day 
with two companions, and during the hunt was discovered 
by one of them, wounded with a rifle ball through his 
breast. He explained that he had shot himself acciden- 
tally; and died.. The company successfully contested 
payment of the policy, on the claim that Crosbie had will- 
fully gone into danger, and that there was no proof that 
his death was accidental. The last contention may have 
been a good one, but unless Mexican hunting grounds 
are as full of thought-it-was-a-deer man killers as our 
own Maine, Michigan and Minnesota, the claim that a 
man who goes hunting willfully puts himself in peril of 
his life is most extraordinary and foolish. 
