March 19, 1^98. ] 
P6flEST AND STtlfiAM. 
Girth. — The girth is to be taken from center disk to 
center disk (a a) at right angles to the hw.l. under the 
keel, following the curve of the cross section as shown 
in Figs. I, 2, 3 and 4, and must necessarily be measured 
when the yacht is on the stocks or laid ashore. 
The practical results from year to year under the "Rat- 
ing Rule" in its last years and the new "Lineal Rating 
Rule" are shown in the following midship sections, most 
of which, as stated last week, were given to Mr. v^mil- 
ius Jarvis by the British designers. 
Fig. 5. The 40-rater Corsair was designed by Arthur 
E. Payne in 1892, and made a good record in her class 
that year, but was later outclassed by yachts of more 
hollow section and nearer to the fin-keel in type. Her di- 
mensions are: L.w.l., 58ft. Sin.; beam, 14ft. 6in.; draft. 
lift.; S. A., 4,096sq.ft. Corsair possessed excellent 
accommodation, she was a good sea boat, and her con- 
struction was stanch and durable. 
Fig. 6. The 40-rater Isolde, designed by Will Fife, 
Jr., and built in 1895, was one of the last racing yachts 
built under the "Rating Rule." Her dimensions are: 
L.w.l., 60ft.; beam, 17ft.; draft, lift. 6in.; S. A., 4,oooscift. 
Fig. 9. 
She was by no means as extreme in type as the yachts of 
the year in the smaller class. 
, Fig. 7. The 20-rater Audrey was designed by Lord 
Dunraven to meet Niagara and her twin sister Isolde, 
both 2o-raters, in 1895, and was built by Summers & 
Payne. She was an extreme fin, as shown by the solid 
lines in the figure, her dimensions being: L.w.l., 44ft.; 
beam, 13ft. 2in.; draft, loft.; S. A., 2,7oosq.ft. Audrey 
was not a success, and when the new rule was adopted 
in 1896 she was materially altered to profit under it. 
The changes are in part shown by the broken lines in 
Fig. 3; she was replanked, and the angles between gar- 
boards and fin were filled in to reduce the girth, the 
bulb, we believe, being recast and the draft slightly de- 
creased. The changes did nothing to improve the type 
of the yacht; she was still the same fin-keel racing ma- 
chine, with no more internal space or headroom than 
before. 
Fig. 8. Flatfish, designed by J. M. Soper, and built 
by Fay & Co. in 1894, is one of the extreme fin type 
build under the "Rating Rule." She was a s-rater, of 
32ft. l.w.l.; beam, loft. 4in.; draft, 7ft. gin.; S. A., 9i9sq. 
ft. It is claimed that she is a very good sea boat, but 
we cannot vouch for the statement. 
Fig. 9. Norman is another 5-rater, built in the last 
year of the "Rating Rule," 189S, by Charles Sibbick, 
who also designed her. She is on the l.w.l. 29ft. 6in.; 
beam, lift.; draft, 8ft.; S. A., 1,156. She was a very 
successful boat. 
Fig. 10. Heartsease was also designed and built by 
Chas. Sibbick for the same class as Norman, but in 1896, 
the first year of the present rule, the class limit being 
36ft. "Lineal Rating" instead of the old S rating. Her 
dimensions are: L.w.l., 31ft. 5in. ; beam, 9ft. 2in. ; draft, 
6ft.; S. A., i,30osq.ft. A comparison of Heartsease 
with Norman and of the original Audrey with the same 
yacht as rebuilt in 1896 shows the first effect of the new 
rule, a very moderate and trivial one. The displacement 
was increased somewhat and the draft was lessened; but 
the general type was practically the same, and there was 
no improvement in the matter of internal room. 
Fig. II, a yacht of 104 rating, was designed by J. M. 
Soper and built by Fay & Co. in 1897, her dimensions 
being: L.w.l., 84ft. 2in.; beam, 21ft. lin.; draft, 15ft. 
6in. ; S. A., 10,600. She was of course designed specially 
under the "Lineal Rating Rule," and shows just what 
the rule is producing now that it is fully understood by 
designers. 
Fig. 12. This yacht was designed by G. L. Watson 
Fig. II. 
last year, and was very successful so far as the rather 
meager racing in the larger classes gives reliable results. 
She is 7sft. 9in. l.w.l.; beam,. i8ft.; draft, 13ft. 6in.; 
S. A., 7,600. The section is certainly an admirable one 
so far as accommodation is concerned. 
Fig. 13. This is the section of a design for the present 
year, a 65ft. lineal rater, or the equivalent to the old 
40-rater, such as Queen Mab. A comparison with 
Isolde's section will show the direct result of the new 
rule. 
Fig. 14. This is a section of a "fast cruiser" for the 
present season, of about the 65ft. class. 
Fig. 15. Design for 52ft. lineal rating for 1898. 
Section for 52ft. lineal rating class. 
Section for S2ft. lineal rating class. 
Section for 36ft. lineal rating class. 
Section for 36ft. lineal rating class. 
Section for 30ft. lineal rating class. 
Section for 24ft. lineal rating class. 
Section for 24ft. lineal i-ating class. 
Section for i8ft. lineal rating class, 
sections represent the current practice of 
18. 
19- 
Fig. 16 
Fig. 17 
Fig, 
Fig 
Fig. 20. 
Fig. 21. 
Fig. 22. 
Fig. 23. 
These 
Messrs. Watson, Fife, Payne, Soper, Nicholson, Hope 
and Froude in designing under the new rule for the rac- 
ing classes. Sections 19, 20 and 22 are somewhat on the 
freak order, but they are small boats intended for the 
Solent racing and the peculiar local conditions. In these 
small classes the question of accommodation does not 
count; they are but day racing boats, and they have to 
compete with the, fin-keels which have survived the 
change of rule. 
In the larger classes, from 30ft. L. R. upward, the -sec- 
tions are one and all of a wholesome type, with good dis- 
placement, compact dimensions, and a reasonable 
amount of internal room. It is interesting to note that 
Corsair has during the past season raced with good 
success in the 6sft. class. 
So far as British yachting is concerned, the rule seems 
to have achieved the main^end for which it was framed, 
the production of yachts o'f fuller body and more com- 
pact dimensions than the fin or semi-fin. There is noth- 
ing in the report of Mr. Jarvis to throw light upon one 
important point, however, the form of lateral plane and 
rudder. We believe that most, if not all, of the new 
boats in the larger classes have a normal lateral plane, 
such as was found half a dozen years back, as would nat- 
ig- 13- 
urally result from the decrease of draft, and that the 
rudder is hung on the usual raking sternpost. The bal- 
ance rudder and the fin-keel contour, as in Syce, Norota 
and Quisetta, on this side, have apparently been dis- 
couraged by the rule. 
When we come to the consideration of the rule and 
its probable results in this country, there are wide 
grounds for speculation, but there seems no reason to 
apprehend that it would produce a type in any way in- 
ferior to that which has grown up under it in England. 
As applied by the Y. R. A. method, with the full drop 
Fig. 14- 
of board measured for girth, it positively excludes the 
centerboard; but it would be possible so to adjust the 
factors as to give an equal choice of centerboard or 
keel. 
The Columbia Y. C, of Chicago, elected the following officers 
on March 5: Com., Robt. Young; Vice-Com., C. Mack; Rear-Com., 
J. Ingersoll; Sec'y, W. S. Bougher; Financial Sec'y, VV. D. 
Payne; Treas., F. M. Farwell ; House Committee: Wm. Eben. chair- 
man; A. M. Bowles, F. M. Porter, M. J. MacNamara, E. J. Sharpe; 
Regatta Committee: Thomas Bavle, chairman; R, T. Summers, 
F. B. Williams, D. C. Cregier, Jr., PI. J. McCormick; Delegate, 
E. P. Warner; Meas., Sidney Davis; Historian, De La Fountaine. 
The annual race to Michigan City to take place as usual on the 
third Saturday in June, 
