48 
A TREATISE ON ELEPHANTS. 
and pattern for carrying purposes {see Figs. 12 and 13). They are 
cheap and easily repaired, but quite unsuitable for military purposes. 
Fk;. 13. — Karen howdah for carrying grain. 
Summary of General Hygiene. 
To maintain elephants in health, the following points should be 
attended to : — 
( 1 ) Regular but moderate work — never work them except in 
heavy shade during the heat of the day. 
(2) Careful loading — never over-load or keep an animal 
kneeling long to receive a load or standing under it 
longer than is absolutely necessary. 
(3) After working, pads should not be removed till the 
animal cools down. 
(4) Should any abrasion or gall be noticed, however slight, 
the animal should be thrown out of work until such is 
perfectly healed. 
(5) Early feeding, with an ample supply of fodder, should be 
insisted on in order to permit of proper rest. 
(6) Regular bathing with vigorous friction applied to the body. 
(7) Watered at least twice daily, after sunrise and before 
sunset. 
(8) Camping grounds should be on a slope, and care should 
be taken that they are kept in a thoroughly sanitary 
condition. During the hot weather elephants should 
be picketed in shady places, and during the rains shel- 
tered as much as possible. 
(9) Particular attention to cleanliness and thorough repair 
of gear. 
