THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. 
85 
measured 3 ft. 4 ins. It has two extremities, the cardiac and 
pyloric, and two openings, one communicating with the gullet known 
as the cardiac, and the other with the intestines, the pyloric. The 
stomach is situated towards the left side and the spleen is attached 
to it. The cardiac end is long and tapering ; the interior is lined 
by mucous membrane. A number of transverse, nearly circular 
folds project inward from the cardiac wall ; they almost disappear 
when the stomach is greatly distended, and are at all times too 
shallow to serve as water-cells, though they have been figured and 
described as such." — (Altai/ and Greenwood^ I have examined 
several stomachs and agree with the above remark ; also see remarks 
on trunk, page 77. The gullet enters the stomach almost at the 
centre. 
The Cells shown are much exaggerated, — see Description 
OF Stomach. 
Cardiac Opening. 
Fig. 33, — Elephant's stomach, after Camper, from J. E. Tenncnt. 
Intestines.' — The small intestine begins at the pyloric orifice of 
the stomach and ends on entering the caecum, a dilated pouch some 
distance down. For convenience the intestine has been divided 
into three parts, namely the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The 
intestine may be recognized by its smaller calibre and smooth regular 
contour when distended. The secretions poured into the small gut 
are bile from the liver, pancreatic juice from the pancreas, and 
secretions from glands in its own walls. 
The respective total lengths of the small intestine of four 
elephants were 66, 70, 73 and 74 ft. 
The larg^ intestine is capacious and may be distinguished by its 
puckered appearance, due to the presence of longitudinal bands, 
which are shorter than the intestine. It is also divided into three 
